중환자실 간호사의 간호조직문화, 진정성 리더십, 자아존중감이 직장 내 괴롭힘에 미치는 영향에 대한 구조모형
The Structural Equation Model of Organizational Culture, Authentic Leadership, Self-Esteem, and Bullying in Nurses at Critical Care Units
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목적: 본 연구는 중환자실 간호사의 직장 내 괴롭힘에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하여 직장 내 괴롭힘 예방을 위한 중재 개발에 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이에, 간호조직문화, 진정성 리더십, 자아존중감, 직장 내 괴롭힘과의 상관관계를 규명하고, 가설적 경로모형을 설정하여 최종 구조모형을 제시하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 중환자실 간호사를 대상으로 설문을 통해 직장 내 괴롭힘의 발생빈도와 영향요인을 파악하기 위해 기술적인 상관관계를 검증하는 구조모형 연구이다. 자료수집은 총 8개의 종합병원에서 이루어졌으며, 중환자실 간호사 221명이 최종적으로 참여하였다. 자료 분석은 구조방정식 모형을 이용하였다. 결과: 본 연구에서 직장 내 괴롭힘 평균은 1.34±0.40, 간호조직문화는 3.31±0.47, 자아존중감은 2.79±0.44, 진정성 리더십은 3.61±0.60이었다. 간호조직문화에 영향을 미치는 요인은 진정성 리더십(.54, p<.001)과 자아존중감(.24, p=.002)으로 간호조직문화의 긍정적 결과에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 간호조직문화(-.45, p<.001)는 직장 내 괴롭힘 감소에 직접적인 영향을 주었고, 진정성 리더십(.22, p=.118)과 자아존중감(-.02, p=.692)은 직접효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 진정성 리더십(-.24, p=.004)과 자아존중감(-.11, p=.004)에서 간호조직문화가 매개하는 간접효과를 보여주었다. 결론: 직장 내 괴롭힘을 최소화하기 위해서는 각 기관에서 간호조직문화에 대한 평가가 필요하다. 특히 간호조직문화 중 진정성 리더십과 자아존중감에 대한 교육과 개선 방안이 함께 모색되어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study were to identify the influential factors of bullying of intensive care nurses and to suggest a final structural model based on identified relationships between nursing organizational culture, authentic leadership, self-esteem, and bullying in the workplace. Methods: Data were collected from 221 nurses at intensive care units in eight general hospitals using structured questionnaires and analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results: In this study, the average of bullying in the workplace was 1.34±0.40, nursing organizational culture was 3.31±0.47, self-esteem was 2.79±0.44, and authentic leadership was 3.61±0.60. The factors affecting nursing organizational culture were authentic leadership (β=.54, p<.001) and self-esteem (β=.24, p=.002) that had direct positive effects on the nursing organizational culture. The nursing organizational culture had also a direct effect on reducing workplace bullying (β=-.45, p<.001). Authentic leadership (β=-.24, p=.004) and self-esteem (β=-.11, p=.004) had indirect effects on workplace bullying, which was mediated by the nursing organizational culture. Conclusion: To understand and reduce workplace bullying, evaluating a nursing organizational culture should be preceded. Based on the finding of this study, an intervention for increasing authentic leadership and self-esteem of nurses can positively help to create the nursing organizational culture and then reduce workplace bullying.
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