島嶼의 경관생태학적 이해 -섬생물지리학의 이론과 적용-
Understanding of Islands in the Landscape Ecological Aspect:Theory and Application of Island Biogeography
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초록
Robert MacArthur와 Edward Wilson에 의해 주장된 섬생물지리학은 생태학적으로 많은 이슈와 영향을 미쳤다. 섬의 면적이나 육지로부터의 거리 등 물리적 환경이 종의 정착과 소멸에 영향을 미친다는 것이다. 또, 이것은 종의 정착률과 소멸률 사이에 균형을 나타내는 평형이론으로 발전되었다. 이것은 특히, 생물의 고립된 서식지의 연구와 진화 등의 연구에 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 하지만, 여러 연구에 의해 섬생물지리학 이론을 대륙이나 육지의 생태계에 적용하기에 적절치 않다는 한계점이 제기되었다. 예를 들면, 각각의 섬이 지닌 먹이 자원과 인간의 간섭, 그리고 각기 다른 생물종이 지니는 특징 등과 같은 요인 들을 배제하였기 때문에 생태학적으로 완벽한 이론은 아니라는 비판이 제기되었다. 특히, 경관생태학적 관점에서는 모자이크와 패치 특성 그리고 공간적 배열이 각각의 종에 미치는 영향의 설명이 부족하다.
Abstract
The biogeography was effect on ecological issues and influence that was studied by Robert MacArthur and Edward Wilson. Physical environments of island such as area of island and distance from mainland influence in immigration rate and extinction rate of species. This theory could explains to equilibrium of immigration rate and extinction rate in species. In addition, This is widely effect on isolated habitat studies and evolution of species. Nevertheless, biogeography theory has been limitations to apply of mainland and terrestrial ecosystems that was insisted by many ecologist. For instance, food resource and human disturbance, in each island and character of each species these were ignored on island biogeography therefore, this is not perfectly sufficient theory for ecological aspect. Especially, this theory is not sufficient to explain on each species in characters of mosaics and patches and spatial arrangement.
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