『자에는 자로』: “과도한 자유”와 탈법적 정체성
Measure for Measure: “Too Much Liberty,” Law-breaking Identity
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Measure for Measure has been regarded as one of his problem plays. Although its title implies the main theme of the drama; justice, mercy and moderation, the characters are swayed by their personal desires. The Duke is plotting to substitute himself with Angelo. The Duke needs Angelo’s severity to fix Viennese’s sexual immorality as there has been too much liberty in Vienna for 14 years due to his laxity. The primary concern of the Duke is to keep his popularity and authority so he purposely puts Angelo into power. Angelo is a man who is so proud of his moral integrity who has no doubt about legalism. However, he feels sexual impulse to Isabella and requests her to give up her chastity for her brother’s life. Knowing the deputy’s immoral, unlawful proposal, the Duke takes advantage of it to uncover Angelo’s hypocrisy, using ‘bed-trick,’ and later ‘head-trick.’ These two tricks are the way that the Duke solves dead-end situation, but also they are the proof of the Duke’s politic amorality. He violates the law himself to achieve his political goal. The ruler’s evasiveness, even though it is not revealed to ordinary peoples’ eye, contaminates the whole country. Angelo asks Isabella for a bribe, which is corruption of power and violent. Lucio, whose verbal straightforwardness (or slander) is the only and very impressive one in the play, is another de-moralist as well as law-breaker. However, because of his law-breaking, especially of backbiting about the Duke, he is forced to be married to a prostitute who is the mother of his child: his word will not have any significance. Another example of law-breaking is Barnardine, who refused to be hanged only because he didn’t want to. His ignorance on law is a sub version of the Duke’s. The Duke’s goal of temporary resignation is superficially (and officially) to reestablish law and order, but, in fact, the substitution was designed to resolve the Duke’s political problem, that is, re-gaining his reputation as an absolute authority and showing himself up as an ideal ruler. The Duke’s goal is seemingly achieved at the final court scene. The Duke’s laxity caused Viennese’s sexual dissoluteness, and now his law-breaking identity will cause moral corruption. Angelo’s hypocrisy once stained pure and strict morality, and Friar-Duke’s expedient way coming from his law-breaking identity will negatively impact on legalism in Vienna in the future.
Abstract
Measure for Measure has been regarded as one of his problem plays. Although its title implies the main theme of the drama; justice, mercy and moderation, the characters are swayed by their personal desires. The Duke is plotting to substitute himself with Angelo. The Duke needs Angelo’s severity to fix Viennese’s sexual immorality as there has been too much liberty in Vienna for 14 years due to his laxity. The primary concern of the Duke is to keep his popularity and authority so he purposely puts Angelo into power. Angelo is a man who is so proud of his moral integrity who has no doubt about legalism. However, he feels sexual impulse to Isabella and requests her to give up her chastity for her brother’s life. Knowing the deputy’s immoral, unlawful proposal, the Duke takes advantage of it to uncover Angelo’s hypocrisy, using ‘bed-trick,’ and later ‘head-trick.’ These two tricks are the way that the Duke solves dead-end situation, but also they are the proof of the Duke’s politic amorality. He violates the law himself to achieve his political goal. The ruler’s evasiveness, even though it is not revealed to ordinary peoples’ eye, contaminates the whole country. Angelo asks Isabella for a bribe, which is corruption of power and violent. Lucio, whose verbal straightforwardness (or slander) is the only and very impressive one in the play, is another de-moralist as well as law-breaker. However, because of his law-breaking, especially of backbiting about the Duke, he is forced to be married to a prostitute who is the mother of his child: his word will not have any significance. Another example of law-breaking is Barnardine, who refused to be hanged only because he didn’t want to. His ignorance on law is a sub version of the Duke’s. The Duke’s goal of temporary resignation is superficially (and officially) to reestablish law and order, but, in fact, the substitution was designed to resolve the Duke’s political problem, that is, re-gaining his reputation as an absolute authority and showing himself up as an ideal ruler. The Duke’s goal is seemingly achieved at the final court scene. The Duke’s laxity caused Viennese’s sexual dissoluteness, and now his law-breaking identity will cause moral corruption. Angelo’s hypocrisy once stained pure and strict morality, and Friar-Duke’s expedient way coming from his law-breaking identity will negatively impact on legalism in Vienna in the future.
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