Escape Behavior of Medaka (Oryzias latipes) in Response to Aerial Predators of Different Sizes and with Different Attack Speeds
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The escape behavior of prey fish to predator attack is directly linked to the survival of the fish. In this study, I explored the escape behavior of Medaka fish to bird attacks. To simulate the attack, I designed a model triangular-shaped bird to slide along a fishing line connected between rods at both ends of the tank. The triangular shape was set to 10×15 (S=1), 15×20 (S=2), and 20×25 cm (S=3) with base×height. The slope (θ) of the fishing line, which determines the attack speed of the model bird, was set to values of 15° (θ=1), 30° (θ=2), and 45° (θ=3). The escape behavior was characterized using five variables: escape speed (v), escape acceleration (α), responsiveness (γ), branch length similarity entropy (ε), and alignment (φ). The experimental results showed when (S, θ)=(fixed, varied), the change in values of the five variables were not significant. Thus, the fish respond more sensitively to S than to θ In contrast, when (S, θ)=(varied, fixed), v, α, and γ showed increasing trends but ε and φ did not change much. This indicates the nature of fish escape behavior irrespective of the threat is inherent in ε and φ. I found that fish escape behavior can be divided into two types for the five physical quantities. In particular, the analysis showed that the type was mainly determined by the size of the model bird.
Abstract
The escape behavior of prey fish to predator attack is directly linked to the survival of the fish. In this study, I explored the escape behavior of Medaka fish to bird attacks. To simulate the attack, I designed a model triangular-shaped bird to slide along a fishing line connected between rods at both ends of the tank. The triangular shape was set to 10×15 (S=1), 15×20 (S=2), and 20×25 cm (S=3) with base×height. The slope (θ) of the fishing line, which determines the attack speed of the model bird, was set to values of 15° (θ=1), 30° (θ=2), and 45° (θ=3). The escape behavior was characterized using five variables: escape speed (v), escape acceleration (α), responsiveness (γ), branch length similarity entropy (ε), and alignment (φ). The experimental results showed when (S, θ)=(fixed, varied), the change in values of the five variables were not significant. Thus, the fish respond more sensitively to S than to θ In contrast, when (S, θ)=(varied, fixed), v, α, and γ showed increasing trends but ε and φ did not change much. This indicates the nature of fish escape behavior irrespective of the threat is inherent in ε and φ. I found that fish escape behavior can be divided into two types for the five physical quantities. In particular, the analysis showed that the type was mainly determined by the size of the model bird.
참고문헌 (36)
- Bailey, T., "A note on distance-weighted knearest neighbor rules", IEEE Transactions on Systems , Man, and Cybernetics, 8, pp.311~313 (1978)
- Bateman, P. W., "Does human pedestrian behaviour influence risk assessment in a successful mammal urban adapter", Journal of Zoology, 294, pp.93~98 (2014)
- Binning, S. A., "Ectoparasites modify escape behaviour, but not performance, in a coral reef fish", Animal Behaviour, 93, pp.1~7 (2014)
- Bisazza, A., "Lateral asymmetries during escape behavior in a species of teleost fish(Jenynsia lineata)", Physiology & behavior, 61, pp.31~35 (1997)
- Brodin, T., "Ecological effects of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems--impacts through behavioural alterations", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B , Biological Sciences, 369, pp.20130580~ (2014)
- Bulova, S. J., "Ecological correlates of population and individual variation in antipredator behavior of two species of desert lizards", Copeia, 1994, pp.980~992 (1994)
- Burger, J., "Risk discrimination of direct versus tangential approach by basking black iguanas(Ctenosaura similis) : variation as a function of human exposure", Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104, pp.388~394 (1990)
- Colwill, R. M., "Imaging escape and avoidance behavior in zebrafish larvae", Reviews in the Neurosciences, 22, pp.63~73 (2011)
- Cooper, W. E., "Shifted balance of risk and cost after autotomy affects use of cover, escape, activity, and foraging in the keeled earless lizard(Holbrookia propinqua)", Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 54, pp.179~187 (2003)
- Cooper, W.E., Jr, "Escape by a refuging prey, the broadheaded skink(Eumeces laticeps)", Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75, pp.943~947 (1997)
- Cooper, W.E., Jr, "Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior", pp.2010, Elsevier
- Cooper, W. E., "Escape decisions by the syntopic congeners Sceloporus jarrovii and S. virgatus : comparative effects of perch height and of predator approach speed, persistence, and direction of turning", Journal of Herpetology, 44, pp.425~430 (2010)
- Cooper, W. E., "Effects of risk, cost, and their interaction on optimal escape by nonrefuging Bonaire whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus murinus", Behavioral Ecology, 14, pp.288~293 (2003)
- Cooper, W. E., "Beyond optimal escape theory : microhabitats as well as predation risk affect escape and refuge use by the phrynosomatid lizard Sceloporus virgatus", Behaviour, 144, pp.1235~1254 (2007)
- Domenici, P., "The visually mediated escape response in fish : predicting prey responsiveness and the locomotor behaviour of predators and prey", Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 35, pp.87~110 (2002)
- Domenici, P., "Context-dependent variability in the components of fish escape response: integrating locomotor performance and behavior", Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A , Ecological Genetics and Physiology, 313, pp.59~79 (2010)
- Domenici, P., "Escape responses of fish:a review of the diversity in motor control, kinematics and behaviour", The Journal of Experimental Biology, 222(Pt 18), pp.jeb166009~ (2019)
- Domenici, P., "Hypoxia and the antipredator behaviours of fishes", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B , Biological Sciences, 362, pp.2105~2121 (2007)
- Eaton, R. C., "The Mauthner cell and other identified neurons of the brainstem escape network of fish", Progress in Neurobiology, 63, pp.467~485 (2001)
- Eaton, R. C., "Identification of Mauthner-initiated response patterns in goldfish : evidence from simultaneous cinematography and electrophysiology", Journal of Comparative Physiology, 144, pp.521~531 (1981)
- Fuiman, L. A., "Survival skills required for predator evasion by fish larvae and their relation to laboratory measures of performance", Animal Behaviour, 71, pp.1389~1399 (2006)
- Gerlotto, F., "Waves of agitation inside anchovy schools observed with multibeam sonar : a way to transmit information in response to predation", ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63, pp.1405~1417 (2006)
- Godin, J.G.J., "Behavioural Ecology of Teleost Fishes", pp.191~236 (1997), Oxford University Press
- Jacquin, L., "Effects of pollution on fish behavior, personality, and cognition : some research perspectives", Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, pp.86~ (2020)
- Lee, S. H., "Predator's attack-induced phase-like transition in prey flock", Physics Letters A, 357, pp.270~274 (2006)
- 이상희, "Robustness of the Branch Length Similarity Entropy Approach for Noise-added Shape Recognition", Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 57(3), pp.501~505 (2010), 한국물리학회
- Lima, S. L., "Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation : a review and prospectus", Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, pp.619~640 (1990)
- Naher, H., "Preying frequency of common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis(Linnaeus, 1758)in Bangladesh", TAPROBANICA : The Journal of Asian Biodiversity, 7, pp.14~19 (2015)
- Oyelade, O. J., "Application of k-Means clustering algorithm for prediction of students’ academic performance", International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, 7, pp.292~295 (2010)
- Ozel, L. D., "Differences in escape behavior between a cryptic and an aposematic litter frog", Journal of Herpetology, 45, pp.395~398 (2011)
- Paul, N., "Global warming overrides physiological anti-predatory mechanisms in intertidal rock pool fish Gobius paganellus", The Science of the Total Environment, 776, pp.145736~ (2021)
- Tay, N. E., "Predator exposure enhances the escape behaviour of a small marsupial, the burrowing bettong", Animal Behaviour, 175, pp.45~56 (2021)
- Tucker, V. A., "Curved flight paths and sideways vision in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus)", The Journal of Experimental Biology, 203(Pt 24), pp.3755~3763 (2000)
- Wakeling, J.M., "Fish Biomechanics", pp.333~368 (2006), Academic Press
- Webb, P. W., "Effect of body form and response threshold on the vulnerability of four species of teleost prey attacked by largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)", Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43, pp.763~771 (1986)
- Ydenberg, R. C., "The economics of fleeing from predators", Advances in the Study of Behavior, 16, pp.229~249 (1986)