독도의 실효적 지배권 운영과정과 국토안보의 방향

Abstract

This research focuses on analyzing the entity of substantial dominium over Dokdo and its guardianship right after the Korean War in the context of homeland security. The reason for controversy over substantial guardianship of Dokdo around the armistice of the Korean War on July 27, 1953 is phenomena caused by limitation of the time. Japan has expressed its intention on dominium over Dokdo; Japanese Middle School Teachers’ Guide of Sociology, revised in July, 2008, states,“There exists difference in claims on Dakeshima between [Japan] and Korea”;High School Teachers’ Guide of History and Geology, revised in last December, chose an indirect description without directly inserting the expression of “Dakeshima” (Dokdo). On the other hand, Korea has revealed relative deficiency of determination on conducting researches for homeland security, in that Geography of Dokdo,written by a National Geography agent of Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs, describes civilians were quicker than Government in guardian activities for protection of Dokdo. What is the reason for repetition of extension and reproduction of the historical error despite so-far research achievements?First, such false conclusion continues to be reproduced because history of guarding Dokdo has not been properly examined. Second, the error resurfaced because researchers either refer to old newspapers or fail to precisely analyze related documents. For instance, it is simple to confirm from a newspaper article issued in April of 1954 that Ulleungdo Veterans' Association founded “Dokdo Guards.” Furthermore,History of Korean Police Book II, published in 1973, records that 20 civil guards were dispatched around May of 1954. This research aims at historically examining guardian activities of protection of Dokdo for Republic of Korea homeland security. What is certain is the facts that it was not possible to perform substantial guardian activities during the US Military Administration in South Korea right after the Liberation, and that the substantial regulation on Japanese fishery, called “Macarthur Line,” prevented Japan’s possible plunder of Dokdo. Near 1953 when front lines were generally fixed, Ulleung Police Station organized Dokdo Patrol and strengthened guardianship of Dokdo, the security measures that escalated to a diplomatic issue when the reinforcement caused a series of frictions with Japanese Maritime Security Agency patrol boats. In the end, the Dokdo issue still remains unsettled despite 14-year-long Korea-Japan talks since 1951. It is of significance to clarify the historical origin of Dokdo, with realization that investigation of police history and determination to guard Dokdo as a part of Republic of Korea territory from the Liberation to the present is the important core of national territory protection and security.