돌굿유구의 구조

Abstract

Little archaeological attention has been paid to dolgut features, which until recently were referred to as pit features, hemp kilns etc., despite the fact that their presence has been increasingly idenitified though excavation. Dolgut features, which consisted of stones that were heated in order to steam hemp and mulberry paper, were an important resource for the production of hemp and paper. Therefore, they can provide valuable information regarding the technology and development of these resources. This study analyzed four dolgut features identified at the site of Sinseodong, in Daegu, and examined the published material on 41 previously discovered dolgut features. It focused on examining the overall exacavation contexts, as well as the location and structure of the dolgut features. The results of the analysis were combined with a historical review on the production and distribution of hemp and paper, and this was used to infer the developmental process of dolgut features. Since it is easy to miss these dolgut features during excavation, the excavation methods required in identifing the features were also discussed. Dolgut features required vast supplies of water, firewood, and stones, and therefore tended to be found on sandy soil (containing gravel) in riverside locations, alluvial fan locations, and valley locations. The structure of dolgut features can be classified into three types. Separated types consisted of two pits, in which steaming and heating were carried out, which were connected through a porthole. Bulkhead types consisted of a single pit which was divided using a bulkhead. Finally, in the case of one-piece types, the steaming unit and heating unit were stacked upon one another within a single pit structure. Following changes in the production and distribution structure of hemp and paper, it appears that separated types which were beneficial to bulk work was replaced by bulkhead and one-piece types which were beneficial to small amounts of work. Most of the officially reported dolgut features were constructed around the end of the Goryo Period and during the Joseon Dynasty. While not many of the dolgot features were found to contain artifacts within the structure, they have been found in association with other types of features which have yielded buncheong ware, white porcelain and eogolmun tiles - artifacts which belong to different time periods. However, it should be 돌굿유구의 구조 157noted that a dolgut feature excavated from the Hwagok-ri Zone 1 site, in Gyeongju, was found to contain sherds of pottery dating to the Three Kingdoms Period, thereby providing important information regarding the emergence of this type of facility. According to historical sources, the production of hemp and mulberry paper was undertaken by the private sector in the late Joseon Dynasty, and this may have generated changes in the dolgut featuress. Dolgut features may be regarded as an important archaeological resource which provides information on hemp and paper production. Therefore a careful investigation and recording must be made of the stratigraphy, and we must not be neglectful in obtaining samples for scientific analysis. Above all, the identification of these features is the most important tack which must be undertaken during excavation. It is hoped that, in the future, we may more clearly understand the chronology,structure, and types of dolgut features, as well as the kinds of crops processed, through the study of the surrounding terrain, structure analysis, scientific dating, and soil analysis.