소년범 재범 억제를 위한 영국의 노력 및 시사점

Abstract

In England and Wales, there has been a lot of change in the juvenile justice system through the 20th century. In the early and mid twentieth century, the emphasis on protectionism in the juvenile justice system led to a gradual strengthening of the severe punishment policy in the mid to late 20th century. This trend of juvenile justice is returning to protectionism again in the 21st century. Various attempts have also been made regarding the juvenile justice administration. Independent organizations dedicated to juvenile justice, such as juvenile justice committee and the juvenile crime response team, have been established and operated since the late 20th century in order to maximize specialization of juvenile justice and minimize the political interference. In recent years, the juvenile justice system has been continuously changing, as the crime rate of juvenile offender is decreasing. These rich experiences in England and Wales could give many implications to the juvenile justice system in South Korea. In particular, recent changes regarding juvenile re-offenders are worth looking at carefully. In recent decades, the percentage of juvenile re-offenders in the UK has increased. In particular, various efforts are being made in London, where the percentage of juvenile re-offending is remarkably high. The London government also tries to reform administrative organizations in order to strengthen the support for education, training and employment for preventing recidivism and enhancing the role of the community. There are also efforts to improve the collection procedures for juvenile statistics in order to exactly identify the current situations. In addition, the procedures and methods are steadily restructured to suit the characteristics of the juvenile offenders. It is necessary to consider the experience of England and Wales to make a better juvenile justice system in South Korea.