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낙태법과 아동・청소년 인권: 국제인권규범의 관점으로

Abortion Law and Child and Adolescent Rights: From the International Human Rights Norm Perspective

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초록

본 연구에서는 국제인권규범의 관점에서 낙태 합법화와 아동・청소년 인권과 관련된 쟁점들을 분석하였다. 낙태 합법화와 관련된 쟁점은 몇 가지로 정리해 볼 수 있다. 먼저, 국제인권규범에서 아동의 권리가 태아에게도 적용되는지의 문제가 있다. 둘째, 낙태 합법화와 여성과 아동의 복지(well-being)에 대한 관계의 문제가 있다. 셋째, 낙태 결정의 주체가 청소년이 될 때, 임신과 출산, 양육의 문제가 청소년의 인권에 미치는 영향의 문제가 있다. 넷째, 청소년의 낙태 접근권의 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 임신 기간에 따른 제한과 부모 동의, 숙려기간, 의료인의 양심적 진료거부를 중심으로 청소년의 낙태 접근권을 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 아동인권 관점에서 낙태의 문제를 태아의 생명권 뿐 아니라 아동의 성장과 발달을 광범위하게 고려해 이해 할 필요가 있음을 강조한다. 낙태의 합법화와 합법화된 낙태에 대한 접근권을 입법하고 실행하는 데 있어, 아동과 청소년의 최선의 이익이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

Abstract

This research analyzes key issues of abortion liberalization from the child rights perspective. These issues include whether fetus is a child under international human rights norms, what are child adolescent well-being implications of abortion, what are child rights issues when adolescents are the ones who try to end pregnancy and how adolescents’ access to safe abortion can be assured. Results from this research highlight that child rights approach calls for considering various rights of child beyond fetus rights to life including wide range of rights relevant to proper development and well-being of children and adolescents in the discussions of abortion liberalization and procedural protections that affect actual access to safe abortion.

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