은행을 통한 정책금융의 주요쟁점과 법 제도적 과제 - 중소기업 지원제도를 중심으로 -

Abstract

Policy finance means the financial support that is accomplished for government to promote the special area's development. There are many pros and cons to policy finance, but the need to policy finance is gaining persuasive power in the point that government should compensate the needed area by government since it can't be maintained and developed only by market principle. In our country, most parts of policy finance are accomplished focusing on the support to small and medium enterprises. It is because the position of small and medium enterprises is very important, considering the creation of employment and added value in our economics. Legal base to the policy financial support is most basically Constitutional Law Art. 119 S. 2, and each executive law is regulating the legal base. It is no exaggeration to say that most parts of policy finance in our country come from banks. The methods of policy financing can be classified into two kinds, ‘total amount limited loan’, which is supported by a central bank and ‘commercial banking organs' obligatory loan to small and medium enterprises’ which is operated based on the banking organs' credit control regulation regulated by the Monetary Policy Committee(MPC) in the bank of korea. But, this policy finance through banks is criticized because it distorts the effective financial distribution through banks and obstructs fair competition base. Besides that, the problems that it is discording with the currently changing financial situations, such as the recently weakened banks' public contribution and Basel II implementation, the new capital regulation guide line, are pointed. Therefore, as the improving plan is needed to compensate it, the following plans can be suggested. The first is enforcing the credit evaluation system and enlarging small and medium enterprises' information opening. The second is cutting down the scale of the total amount limited loan and screening the supported enterprises. The third is elastic operation of the rate of small and medium enterprises' obligatory loan and enforcing the post-supervising system. The fourth is enlarging the credit guarantee's function. The fifth is improving the government-run bank's role and improving the supporting method. The sixth is constructing the legal and institutional Infra. The regulation's improvement is needed, but it should be progressed gradually. It is because the rapid change can cause the market's confusion since most parts of the loan to small and medium enterprises was accomplished through banks. Therefore, the gradual improvement should be accomplished with the enough Infra construction. The recently regulated Financial Investment Services and Capital Market Act can be a epochal turning point to construct such Infra.