본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

러시아 반정부시위에 관한 서방과 러시아 언론의 보도 경향 분석

Analysis of Reporting Trends in Western and Russian Media on Russian Anti-Government Protests

김현진
아태지역연구센터 (The Asia-Pacific Research Center)|2024.08|중소연구|제48권 제2호|pp. 113-160

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

러시아언론토픽모델링Topic ModelingMediaRussia반정부시위Anti-government ProtestsWest뉴스 보도News Coverage서방

초록

이 연구는 2020년 1월 1일부터 2024년 3월 31일까지 서방과 러시아 언론의 ‘러시아 반정부시위’ 보도 경향을 비교․분석했다. 총 4,812건의 기사를 대상으로 키워드 및 토픽모델링 분석을 통해 양 언론의 핵심어와 주요 의제를 도출했으며, 우크라이나 전쟁 전후의 변화를 확인했다. 서방 언론에서 ‘선거’, ‘거리’, ‘사람들’, ‘지지’ 등 시민사회 관련 단어가 핵심어로 나타났고, 나발니 관련 의제를 중점적으로 다뤘다. 반면 러시아 언론은 ‘외무부’, ‘미국’, ‘나토’, ‘대사관’, ‘자하로바’ 등 안보와 관련된 단어를 주로 사용했고, 구소련 지역 시위와 관련한 의제에 주목했다. 사회․정치적 배경을 바탕으로 서방 언론은 우크라이나 전쟁 전후 ‘나발니 서사’를 동원해 러시아의 반정부 활동가를 ‘희생자’로 조명하고 러시아 정부를 겨냥하며 서방의 국가적 가치와 정체성을 전달했다. 러시아 언론은 ‘공포 정치’를 통해 시민 활동을 통제하고, 정부의 주요 의제를 전하는 데 주력했다. 이 연구는 빅데이터 분석 방법론을 동원해 서방과 러시아 언론 보도의 경향을 구체화했으며, 사회․정치적 맥락을 반영하여 각 언론의 보도 특성을 논의했다. 이는 국제 보도 동향과 언론의 역할에 관한 학술적 논의를 유도할 수 있다.

Abstract

This study compares and analyzes the reporting trends of Western and Russian media on “Russian anti-government protests” from January 1, 2020, to March 31, 2024. By examining 4,812 articles through keyword and topic modeling analysis, the study identifies the key terms and major agendas of both media spheres and observes changes before and after the Ukraine war. Western media predominantly used terms related to civil society, such as ‘elect,’ ‘street,’ ‘people,’ and ‘support,’ with a particular focus on issues related to Navalny. In contrast, Russian media primarily used terms related to security, such as ‘Foreign Ministry,’ ‘United States,’ ‘NATO,’ ‘embassy,’ and ‘Zakharova,’ and concentrated on protests in former Soviet regions. Regarding the socio-political background of these reporting trends, Western media attempted to highlight Russian anti-government activists as ‘victims’ through the ‘Navalny narrative,’ conveying Western national values and identity. Russian media, on the other hand, focused on controlling civic activities under ‘politics of fear’ and on conveying the government's main agenda. This study concretizes the key terms and agendas of Western and Russian media through big data analysis. It organizes the reporting characteristics of each media in consideration of the socio-political context. It contributes to scholarly discussions on international reporting trends and the role of the media.

참고문헌 (63)

  1. 고상두, "러시아의 정치적 갈등 시민의 정치적 태도 유형에 따른 반정부시위의 변화 분석", 슬라브학보, 29(1), pp.1~23 (2014)
  2. 김성해, "글로벌 디지털 시대의 국제 뉴스-온라인 국제뉴스에 대한 국가별 비교연구", Journal of Communication Research, 48(2), pp.181~222 (2011)
  3. 김현진, "빅데이터 토픽모델링과 감성분석을 이용한 한국 언론의 러시아 보도 분석", 슬라브硏究, 37(2), pp.91~132 (2021)
  4. 최우익, "러시아 부정선거 규탄시위지역 주민의 사회․ 경제적 특성과 중산층 비율", 러시아연구, 22(2), pp.281~306 (2012)
  5. 최우익, "2011~2012년 부정선거 규탄시위 이후 러시아 국민의식의 변화", 동유럽발칸연구, 39(5), pp.143~166 (2015)
  6. Ala-Koivula, Oona, "Alexei Navalny'as a floating signifier: Domesticating Navalny in Finnish, German and Russian news reporting", MS, pp.2022
  7. ALEKSEEV, DMITRII, V, "Alexey Navalny in the Russian and American media as a representation of political discourse", GENERATION PP. ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ К ЖУРНАЛУ “ПУБЛИЧНАЯ ПОЛИТИ-КА, 1(S5), pp.27~42 (2022)
  8. Alieva, Iuliia, "How disinformation operations against Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny influence the international audience on Twitter", Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(80), pp.1~13 (2022)
  9. Alyukov, Maxim, "News reception and authoritarian control in a hybrid media system: Russian TV viewers and the Russia-Ukraine conflict", Politics, 44(3), pp.400~419 (2024)
  10. Beumers, Birgit, "Russia and Its Other (s) on Film: Screening Intercultural Dialogue" (2008), Palgrave Macmillan
  11. Cohen, David, "An Assessment of USAID Political Party Building and Related Activities in Russia" (2000), Lexisnexis
  12. Demydova, Viktoriia, "Alexei Navalny and protests in Russia: Growth of online activism under the authoritarian system", Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences. Vol. 20, Issue, 4, pp.1970~1987 (2021)
  13. Denisova, Anastasia, "Democracy, protest and public sphere in Russia after the 2011–2012 anti-government protests: Digital media at stake", Media, Culture & Society, 39(7), pp.976~994 (2017)
  14. Diesen, Glenn, "Russophobia : Propaganda in international politics" (2022), Springer Nature
  15. Dollbaum, Jan Matti, "Protest trajectories in electoral authoritarianism: from Russia’s “For Fair Elections” movement to Alexei Navalny’s presidential campaign", Post-Soviet Affairs, 36(3), pp.192~210 (2020)
  16. Gel'man, Vladimir, "The Politics of Fear: How the Russian Regime Confronts Its Opponents", RUSSIAN SOCIAL SCIENCE REVIEW, 61(6), pp.6~26 (2020)
  17. Godson, Roy, "Dirty Tricks or Trump Cards: U.S. Covert Action and Counterintelligence" (2018), Routledge
  18. Greene, Samuel A, "Moscow in movement: power and opposition in Putin's Russia" (2014), Stanford University Press
  19. How Modern Dictators Survive: Cooptation, Censorship, Propaganda, and Repression, "Guriev, Sergei", ~, pp.CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP10454 (2015)
  20. Hashamova, Yana, "Aleksei Balabanov’s Russian hero: Fantasies of wounded national pride", The Slavic and East European Journal, 51(2), pp.295~311 (2007)
  21. Institute of Modern Russia, "2020 The Institute of Modern Russia" (2020), Institute of Modern Russia
  22. Kazun, A, "To cover or not to cover : Alexei Navalny in Russian media", International Area Studies Review, 22(4), pp.312~326 (2019)
  23. Kubicek, Paul, "Civil society, trade unions and post-Soviet democratisation: Evidence from Russia and Ukraine", Europe-Asia Studies, 54(4), pp.603~624 (2002)
  24. Kubilius, Andrius, "On Western strategy towards Russia: From ‘Putin first’to ‘democracy first’", European View, 20(1), pp.6~13 (2021)
  25. Domestic Politics and America’s Russia Policy, "Mendelson, Sarah", The Century Foundation and The Stanley Foundation, ~ (2002)
  26. Mettan, Guy, "Creating russophobia : From the great religious schism to anti-putin hysteria" (2017), SCB Distributors
  27. Mottura, Bettina, "Media and Politics: Discourses, Cultures, and Practices" (2018), Cambridge Scholars Publishing
  28. Przeworski, A, "Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America" (1991), Cambridge University Press
  29. Robertson, Graeme, "Political orientation, information and perceptions of election fraud: Evidence from Russia", British Journal of Political Science, 47(3), pp.589~608 (2017)
  30. Rumer, Eugene, "Thirty Years of U.S. Policy Toward Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Broken?" (2019), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
  31. Ryabov, Andrei, "Democracy versus Modernization" (2013), Routledge
  32. Savenkov, Roman, "Social Movement of Alexei Navalny, Strategy and Tactics at the Federal and Regional Levels", Politeja, (62), pp.193~208 (2019)
  33. Seliverstova, Lyudmila, "Media representation of the image of the Russian political leader in western online media (on the material daily news and der spiegel)", International Journal of Media and Information Literacy, 6(2), pp.396~405 (2021)
  34. Shaw, Tony, "Cinematic Cold War: The American and Soviet struggle for hearts and minds" (2014), University Press of Kansas
  35. Solopova, Olga A, "War yesterday and today: The image of Russia in British media discourse", Russian Journal of Linguistics, 25(3), pp.723~745 (2021)
  36. Spaiser, Viktoria, "Communication power struggles on social media: A case study of the 2011–12 Russian protests", Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 14(2), pp.132~153 (2017)
  37. WAHLANG, JASON, "RUSSOPHOBIA AND THE WEST: A STUDY ON EUROPE ANTI RUSSIAN SENTIMENTS", International Journal of Russian Studies, (10), pp.115~123 (2021)
  38. Wells, Audrey, "The Importance of Forgiveness and the Futility of Revenge: Case Studies in Contemporary International Politics" (2022), Springer Nature
  39. Wheeler, G. E, "Russophobia in the western world: A brief case history", Asian Affairs, 15(2), pp.138~143 (1984)
  40. Кошкин, Руслан Петрович, "Информационная война вокруг событ-ий на Украи-не: геополитический анализ", Стратегические приоритеты, 1, pp.10~29 (2015)
  41. Мурюкина, Е. В., "Информационная война на страницах российско-й и украинс-кой прессы: сравнительный анализ", Crede Experto: транспорт, общество, образование, язык, (3), pp.1~15 (2015)
  42. Неменский, Олег Борисович, "Русофобия как идеология", Вопросы национализма, 1(13), pp.26~65 (2013)
  43. Федоров, А. В, "Образ России в современной западной прессе", Медиаобразов-ание, 4, pp.51~58 (2013)
  44. Цыганков, Андрей, "Русофобия: антироссийское лобби в США" (2022), Litres
  45. "Don’t Drink the Tea: Poison Is a Favored Weapon in Russia" (2020)[URL]
  46. "EU bans 4 more Russian media outlets from broadcasting in the bloc, citing disinformation" (2024)[URL]
  47. "Russia, the West and the Growing Gap between Narratives" (2018)[URL]
  48. "Why the United States Should Spread Democracy" (1998)[URL]
  49. "MEPs: EU must actively support Russia’s democratic opposition" (2024)[URL]
  50. "Putin’s approval rating"[URL]
  51. "Thousands Rally in Moscow Against Putin’s Plans to Revamp Political Power in Russia" (2020)[URL]
  52. "Thousands Turn Out for Navalny’s Funeral in Moscow" (2024)[URL]
  53. "Ukraine war recasts ‘Navalny’ as a prequel to Putin’s aims" (2022)[URL]
  54. "‘We Will Kill You’: How Russia Silenced Its Antiwar Movement" (2022)[URL]
  55. "В Минске назвали имена тех, кто стоит за попытками переворота в Беларус-и" (2021)[URL]
  56. "В отношении Алексея Навального возбудили уголовное дело о" (2022)[URL]
  57. "Лукашенко, Путин и Токаев обсудили протесты в Казахстане" (2022)[URL]
  58. "Минск: Европейских “светочей демократии” захлестнула пещерная русофобия" (2023)[URL]
  59. "Политолог Елена Пономарева - о ситуации в Беларуси: Нас пытаются растащить" (2020)[URL]
  60. "Посольство заявило Лондону о недопустимости вмешательства в дела РФ" (2024)[URL]
  61. "Сотни протестующих вышли к парламенту Молдавии после задержания экспрезидента Додона" (2022)[URL]
  62. "Федеральный закон от 20.07.2012 № 121-ФЗ “О внесении изменений в отдельн-ые законодательные акты Российской Федерации в части регулирования деятельности некоммерческих организаций, выполняющих функции иностр-а-нного агента,”"[URL]
  63. ""О защите детей от информации, причиняющей вред их здоровью и развитию" и отдельные законодательные акты Российской Фед-ерации"; Дата подписания 28 июля 2012 г. Опубликован 30 июля 2012 г. Ро-ссийская газета Федеральный выпуск №5845 (172)"[URL]

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)

중국의 글로벌사우스 전략: 국제사회이론의 관점에서김선재pp. 7-35시진핑 정부의 인재양성 정책과 대학의 반응이성란pp. 37-71시진핑 집권 제1기(2012-17년) 대북정책 혼재 양상 원인 분석에 관한 연구: 엘리트 청중비용을 중심으로한주희pp. 73-111우즈베키스탄 카리모프와 미르지요예프의 개인 독재 전략 비교박상운, 김시헌pp. 161-205러시아와 중국의 과학기술 협력 강화배경과 추진체계이상준, 조정원pp. 207-260
원문 보기