중국 전기자동차 산업의 팽창과 EU와 미국의 대응

Abstract

Due to the global response to climate change, greenhouse gas emissions in the power generation sector in the EU and the United States have decreased. As a result, the importance of responding to climate change in the transportation sector has become much greater. In addition, the use of electric vehicles has expanded to replace fossil fuel vehicles. The global electric vehicle market has grown rapidly, mainly in China, the EU, and the United States. In 2023, 14 million electric vehicles were sold worldwide, of which China, Europe, and the United States accounted for 95%. Global electric vehicle sales in 2023 increased by 3.5 million compared to 2022. In 2023, more than 250,000 new electric vehicles were registered worldwide per week. This is more than the total annual number in 2013. The share of electric vehicle sales in total vehicle sales accounted for about 18% of all vehicles sold in 2023, up from 14% in 2022 and 2% in 2018 five years ago. This trend shows that electric vehicle sales growth is still solid. Battery electric vehicles accounted for 70% of the total number of electric vehicles registered in 2023. China's electric vehicle market is larger than that of Europe and the United States. Less than 60% of new electric vehicle registrations in 2023 were in China, less than 25% in Europe, and less than 10% in the United States. In 2023, the number of new electric vehicle registrations is 8.1 million in China, 3.2 million in Europe, and 1.4 million in the United States. However, subsidies from the Chinese government contributed greatly to the rapid increase in the number of electric vehicle registrations in China. This caused the problem of overproduction of electric vehicles in China, and the problem of overproduction of electric vehicles has expanded further due to the economic downturn in China. Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers have been actively exporting overproduced electric vehicles abroad in China. As a result, the EU and the United States have raised import tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles. From July 5, 2024, the EU imposed provisional tariffs of up to 47.6% on Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers, citing unfair subsidies from the Chinese government. From September 27, 2024, the USTR increased tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles from 25% to 100%.