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이사를 자주 할수록 더 외로운가? 심리적 다채로움의 완충 작용

Do frequent residential moves relate to increased loneliness? Exploring the buffering role of psychological richness

신지은|박은정|염혜은
한국사회및성격심리학회|2024.02|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제38권 제1호|pp. 1-17|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2024.38.1.001

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키워드

이사loneliness외로움residential mobility주거 이동성심리적 다채로움residential movepsychological richness
주제분류심리과학

초록

이사는 삶의 보편적인 경험이다. 하지만 익숙한 곳을 떠나 새로운 환경에 적응하는 과정은 다양한 심리적 어려움을 동반한다. 특히 빈번한 이사로 인한 기존 관계의 단절은 외로움의 주요한 원인으로 꼽힌다. 하지만 동시에 이사는 삶을 다채롭고 풍요롭게 만드는 기회가 되기도 한다. 이에 본 연구는 개인이 ‘변화’를 수용하는 자세에 따라 이사의 영향력이 달라질 것이라고 가정하고 최근 활발히 연구되고 있는 ‘심리적 다채로움’에 주목하였다. 심리적으로 다채로운 삶이란 비록 긍정적이지 않더라도 새롭고 다양한 경험과 도전이 가득한 삶을 뜻한다. 다채로움이 높은 사람들은 이사에 따른 환경 변화나 낯섦도 자신의 삶을 풍성하게 해주는 경험 일부로 받아들일 가능성이 크다. 따라서 본 연구는 총 2개의 연구를 통해 심리적 다채로움이 이사로 인한 외로움을 완화하는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 예상대로 심리적 다채로움이 상대적으로 낮은 사람들은 유․청소년기(연구 1) 및 성인 초기(연구 2) 이사 경험이 많을수록 높은 외로움 수준을 보고한 반면, 심리적 다채로움이 높은 사람들의 이사 경험은 외로움과 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 그리고 심리적 다채로움의 조절 효과는 성별, 나이, 성격 5요인 등의 관련 변인들을 통제하고도 유효했다. 본 연구는 주거지 이동으로 인한 외로움을 경감시키는 새로운 보호 요인을 제안했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Moving, a universal life experience, often induces psychological distress during the adjustment to unfamiliar environments. The disconnection from established close relationships is particularly recognized as a significant risk factor for loneliness. However, moving also provides an opportunity to enrich one’s life. It seems thus plausible that the adverse influence of moving may differ depending on individuals’ readiness to embrace change. Drawing from contemporary research on ‘psychological richness,’ which involves novel, complex, and perspective-changing life events, even if not inherently positive, we hypothesized that frequent moves may exert a less adverse influence on individuals living a psychologically rich life. Across two studies, we examined whether psychological richness mitigates the link between residential mobility and loneliness. As expected, frequent moves (during childhood in Study 1; during adulthood in Study 2) were associated with increased loneliness among individuals with relatively lower psychological richness. However, this association disappeared among those with higher levels of psychological richness. Moreover, the moderating effect of psychological richness remained significant even after controlling for relevant variables, including gender, age, and the Big 5 personality traits. Our study offers a valuable contribution by unveiling a novel protective factor that alleviates the loneliness tied to personal moving experiences.

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