행복에 대한 본질주의적 믿음이 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향: 인간관계에 대한 인식을 매개로
Essentialist Beliefs about Happiness affects Life Satisfaction through Perception of Interpersonal Relation
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초록
본 연구에서는 행복에 대한 본질주의적 믿음과 삶의 만족의 관계에서 인간관계에 대한 인식의 영향을 확인하였다. 본질주의 연구에서는 본질주의적 믿음이 변화하기 위한 동기를 저하시킨다는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 비슷하게 행복에 대한 본질주의적 믿음은 행복해지기 위한 동기를 저하시킨다. 본 연구에서는 행복에 대한 본질주의적 믿음이 행복해지기 위한 활동-인간관계-에 대한 인식에 부정적인 영향을 미치고, 이것이 결국 삶의 만족에도 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라고 기대하였다. 이러한 가설을 검증하기 위해 두 개의 연구를 진행하였다. 첫 번째 연구에서는 행복에 대한 본질주의적 믿음이 낮은 인간관계에 대한 중시를 매개로 낮은 삶의 만족과 관련이 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 두 번째 연구에서는 이 관계의 인과성을 확인하기 위해 본질주의적 믿음을 행복이 유전에 의해서 결정된다는 기사를 읽은 집단과 행복이 노력에 의해 결정된다는 기사를 읽은 집단으로 조작하였다. 분석 결과 유전 집단에서의 행복에 대한 본질주의적 믿음이 노력 집단에서의 행복에 대한 본질주의적 믿음보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 또한, 인간관계 친밀감의 매개로 유전 집단이 노력 집단에 비해 삶의 만족이 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 결국, 본 연구는 행복에 대한 본질주의적 믿음이 인간관계에 대한 인식을 매개로 삶의 만족에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다는 데에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
Previous research shows that subjective well-being is associated with positive intimate interpersonal relation. Considering the importance of construal however, the perception of interpersonal relation should be further studied in relation to subjective well-being. Thus, in the present research, we examined the relationship between essentialist beliefs about happiness (EBH), perception of interpersonal relation, and life satisfaction. Specifically, we hypothesized that perception of interpersonal relation would play a critical role in the association between EBH and life satisfaction. The results across the two studies (N=402) were consistent with our hypothesis. Specifically, Study 1 revealed that greater levels of EBH are associated with the tendency to perceive interpersonal relation as less important in happiness, which, in turn, was negatively associated with momentary happiness as well as overall life satisfaction. To identify the causal effect of EBH on interpersonal relation, we manipulate EBH in Study 2. We led participants to believe that happiness is largely determined by either genes (high EBH) or efforts (low EBH). Compared with those in the effort condition, participants in the gene condition showed significantly lower levels of intimacy in their interpersonal relation as well as life satisfaction. Moreover, we found that the negative effect of the EBH on life satisfaction was significantly mediated by intimacy in interpersonal relation. Overall, the present results suggest that perception of interpersonal relation is a critical factor in the association between EBH and happiness.
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