North Korea’s Ping-Pong Diplomacy?: Revisiting the 1979 Pyongyang World Table Tennis Championships
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper seeks to explore North Korea’s use of sports diplomacy, in particularly ping-pong diplomacy with the United States during the Cold War. North Korea and the United States have no diplomatic relations but since the 1970s, North Korea began to explore ways to ameliorate relations with the United States through public diplomacy including by means of sports. By exploring the 1979 World Table Tennis Championships in Pyongyang, this study hopes to expand the discourse on North Korea’s sports diplomacy and examine the process and outcome it had on creating diplomatic avenues for communication, exchange, and engagement with the United States. This article analyzes the failures and successes as well as strategies of North Korea’s ping-pong diplomacy and the impact it had on North Korea’s policy towards the United States.
Abstract
This paper seeks to explore North Korea’s use of sports diplomacy, in particularly ping-pong diplomacy with the United States during the Cold War. North Korea and the United States have no diplomatic relations but since the 1970s, North Korea began to explore ways to ameliorate relations with the United States through public diplomacy including by means of sports. By exploring the 1979 World Table Tennis Championships in Pyongyang, this study hopes to expand the discourse on North Korea’s sports diplomacy and examine the process and outcome it had on creating diplomatic avenues for communication, exchange, and engagement with the United States. This article analyzes the failures and successes as well as strategies of North Korea’s ping-pong diplomacy and the impact it had on North Korea’s policy towards the United States.
참고문헌 (60)
- Allison, Lincoln, "The Changing Politics of Sport" (1993), Manchester University Press
- Carter, Jimmy, "The Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Jimmy Carter, 1980" (1980), U.S. Government Printing Office
- Carter, Thomas, "The USA and Sporting Diplomacy:Comparing and Contrasting the Cases of Table Tennis with China and Baseball with Cuba in the 1970s", International Relations, 26(1) (2011)
- Cha, Victor, "A Theory of Sport and Politics", The International Journal of the History of Sport, 26(11) (2009)
- Cha, Victor, "The Asian Games and Diplomacy in Asia: Korea-China-Russia", The International Journal of the History of Sport, 30(10), pp.1176~1187 (2013)
- Chehabi, H. E, "Sport Diplomacy between the United States and Iran", Diplomacy & Statecraft, 12 (2001)
- Choi, Dae-souk, "Building Bridges: The Significance of Inter-Korean Sports and Cultural Exchange", East Asian Review, 14(4) (2002)
- "Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Deputy Premier Kang Ryang Uk Meets with Overseas Compatriots from North America", Rodong Sinmun, 2~ (1979)
- "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" (2002)[URL]
- "Emotional Reunion After 30 Years’ Separation: Ko Yong Il, Korean Resident in the US, Meets His Family and Relatives", Pyongyang Times, 4~ (1979)
- "Gradually Widening Exchanges between the US and North Korea:Former US State Department Spokesman Thomas Reston Visits Pyongyang", DongA Ilbo, ~ (1980)
- "U.S. Team Arrives in Pyongyang" (1979)[URL]
- 하웅용, "남북한 정치 변동에 따른 스포츠경쟁체제의 변천: 세계탁구선수권대회 여성 우승을 중심으로", 한국체육학회지, 53(4), pp.29~40 (2014), 한국체육학회
- Hong, Fan, "Communist China: Sport, Politics and Diplomacy", The International Journal of the History of Sport, 19(2) (2002)
- 허은경, "In Search of Diaspora Connections: North Korea’s Policy towards Korean Americans, 1973-1979", International Journal of Korean Unification Studies, 27(2), pp.111~139 (2018), 통일연구원[DOI]
- 허은경, "North Korea’s People-to-People Engagement with the Koreans in the United States, 1981-1991: A Diasporic Perspective", Journal of North Korea Studies, 5(1), pp.174~208 (2019), 공공정책연구소[DOI]
- "Gleysteen Refers to North Korea as the DPRK in His Speech", DongA Ilbo, 1~ (1979)
- Johns, Andrew L, "Diplomatic Games: Sport, Statecraft and International Relations Since 1945" (2014), The University of Kentucky Press
- Jonsson, Gabriel, "Towards Korean Reconciliation: Socio-Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation" (2006), Ashgate Publishing Ltd
- 정기웅, "Sport as a catalyst for cooperation: Why sport dialogue between the two Koreas succeeds in some cases but not in others", International Area Studies Review, 16(3), pp.307~324 (2013), 국제지역연구센터
- 정기웅, "핑퐁외교에의 재방문: 평창 동계올림픽에의 함의", 국제지역연구, 21(4), pp.155~184 (2017), 국제지역연구센터
- Jung, Giwoong, "The Myth of Sport Diplomacy: Stories of Success, Failure and the Rest" (2018), Pakyeongsa
- Keech, Marc, "Sport and the End of Apartheid", The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, 88(349), pp.109~121 (2010)[DOI]
- 김재운, "남북스포츠교류 현황과 활성화 방안", 한국사회체육학회지, (63), pp.22~33 (2016), 한국사회체육학회[DOI]
- 김동선, "역대 정부의 남북스포츠교류정책 평가", 한국체육학회지, 44(6), pp.3~13 (2005), 한국체육학회
- 김종희, "제35회 평양 세계탁구선수권대회(1979) 참가를 위한 대한탁구협회의 준비과정에 관한 연구", 한국체육과학회지, 23(6), pp.1~13 (2014), 한국체육과학회
- 김재우, "제35회 평양 세계탁구선수권대회(1979) 남북단일팀 구성을 위한 체육회담", 한국체육학회지, 53(6), pp.15~25 (2014), 한국체육학회
- "Ko Young Il Met with His Family and Relatives after Visiting the Fatherland for the 35th World Table Tennis Championships", Rodong Sinmun, 4~ (1979)
- Kobierecki, Michal Marcin, "Intern-Korean Sports Diplomacy as a Tool of Political Rapprochement", Humanities and Social Sciences, 23(25), pp.139~153 (2018)
- "Korea: A Wild Card In", Executive Intelligence Review, 6(17), pp.40~42 (1979)
- "Korea Status Report, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Republic of Korea, Office of Secretary-General - Kurt Waldheim, S-0904-0026-04, United Nations Archives and Records Management Section (UN ARMS)" (1979)[URL]
- Lee, Har Lae, "A Study on the Policy of Sports Diplomacy in North Korea", The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 32(1), pp.1019~1034
- Lee, Jung Woo, "The Difficult Dialogue: Communism, Nationalism, and Political Propaganda in North Korean Sport", Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 33(4), pp.390~410 (2009)
- Li, Yu Wai, "Public Diplomacy Strategies of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics: A Comparative Study", The International Journal of the History of Sport, 30(15), pp.1723~1734 (2013)[DOI]
- Manzenreiter, Wolfram, "Football Diplomacy, Post-Colonialism and Japan’s Quest for Normal State Status", Sport in Society, 11(4), pp.414~428 (2008)
- Martin, Bradley, "Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader:North Korea and the Kim Dynasty" (2004), St. Martin’s Press
- Merkel, Udo, "The Politics of Sport Diplomacy and Reunification in Divided Korea: One Nation, Two Countries and Three Flags", International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 43(3) (2008)
- Merkel, Udo, "Routledge Handbook of Sport and Politics", pp.28~38 (2016), Routledge
- Min, Doosik, "Sport cooperation in Divided Korea:An Overstated Role of Sport Diplomacy in South Korea", Sport in Society, 22(8), pp.1382~1395 (2019)
- Murray, Stuart, "The Two Halves of Sports", Diplomacy, Diplomacy & Statecraft, 23(3), pp.576~592 (2012)
- Murray, Stuart, "Moving Beyond the Ping-pong Table: Sports Diplomacy in the Modern Diplomatic Environment", PD Magazine, ~ (2013)
- Murray, Stuart, "Mapping the Relationship between International Sport and Diplomacy", Sport in Society:Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, 17(9) (2014)
- Nam, Andrew, "Korean-American Relations, 1866-1997" (1999), State University of New York Press
- "North Korea Invites American Congressmen to Pyongyang", Kyunghyang Sinmun, ~ (1979)
- "Overseas Compatriots Visiting Group Came to Pyongyang to Watch the 35th World Table Tennis Championships", Rodong Sinmun, 5~ (1979)
- "Pyongyang World Table Tennis Championship Opens with 60 Countries and 900 Athletes Participating", Kyunghyang Sinmun, ~ (1979)
- "Records of Conversation between Congressman Stephen J. Solarz and Kim Il Sung and Kim Yong-nam, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Jimmy Carter Library, Carter White House Central Files, White House Central Files Subject File, CO-41, CO-82 Executive 12077-12081. Obtained for NKIDP by Charles Kraus" (1980)[URL]
- "Reston Visited Pyongyang and Met with Kim Yong Nam", Kyunghyang Sinmun, 1~ (1980)
- Riordan, Jim, "The Impact of Communism on Sport", Historical Social Research, 32(1) (2007)
- "Solarz Reveals ‘Kim Il Sung’s Proposal’", DongA Ilbo, 1~ (1980)
- "Team Translator Ko Young-il’s Impression of Pyongyang", Kyunghyang Sinmun, ~ (1979)
- "The Carter Chill: US-ROK-DPRK Trilateral Relations, 1976-1979: A Critical Oral History Conference" (2013)[URL]
- "North Korea: Ping-Pong Diplomacy" (1978)[URL]
- "North Korea: The Big Tournament" (1979)[URL]
- "North Korea: Chronology" (1979)[URL]
- "United States Invites North Korean Basketball Team", DongA Ilbo, ~ (1979)
- "United States Makes ‘Sports Knock’ towards North Korea: From Table Tennis to Basketball to Boxing", DongA Ilbo, ~ (1979)
- "US Team Arrives in Pyongyang" (1979)[URL]
- "U.S. Team Interpreter Ko Young Il Visits North Korea with a Dream of Reuniting with His Family", Dong A Ilbo, ~ (1979)
- Workers’ Party of Korea Publishing House, "Immortal Revolutionary Achievement of the Great Leader Kim Il Sung 18: A Brilliant Solution to Overseas Korean Issues" (1999), Korean Workers’ Party Press
