North Korea’s Perception of Gender Equality under the Regimes of Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un
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This study analyzes the meaning of “gender equality” claimed by North Korean authorities under Kim Jong-il and his son Kim Jong-un. North Korean authorities enacted the Law on Gender Equality on July 30, 1946. Since then, North Korean authorities has claimed that all North Koreans—women and men—enjoy equal rights and has published articles related to gender equality in Rodong Sinmun, North Korea’s the most powerful newspaper, every year on July 30. The authors collected 420 cases of women’s type by North Korean authorities from the articles in Rodong Sinmun and analyzed their meanings during the reigns of Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un. It was found that women’s type that emphasized the Owner of the Country occurred the most in Rodong Sinmun. This means that North Korean authorities emphasized that women enjoy the same rights as men thanks to the Law on Gender Equality. Women’s type that emphasized the Songun Ideologue, meaning that all related matters in the country were solved by military means first, occurred more often under Kim Jong-il than under Kim Jong-un. Women’s type emphasized the Grand Family Holder of Socialist Society, meaning the state as the grand family of socialist family showed an increasing trend under Kim Jong-un. Based on this analysis, the themes these two leaders emphasized appeared to be reflected in women's type. However, how North Korean authorities perceives women has not changed markedly. The authorities still emphasizes that women can live happily by following the leader’s commands.
Abstract
This study analyzes the meaning of “gender equality” claimed by North Korean authorities under Kim Jong-il and his son Kim Jong-un. North Korean authorities enacted the Law on Gender Equality on July 30, 1946. Since then, North Korean authorities has claimed that all North Koreans—women and men—enjoy equal rights and has published articles related to gender equality in Rodong Sinmun, North Korea’s the most powerful newspaper, every year on July 30. The authors collected 420 cases of women’s type by North Korean authorities from the articles in Rodong Sinmun and analyzed their meanings during the reigns of Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un. It was found that women’s type that emphasized the Owner of the Country occurred the most in Rodong Sinmun. This means that North Korean authorities emphasized that women enjoy the same rights as men thanks to the Law on Gender Equality. Women’s type that emphasized the Songun Ideologue, meaning that all related matters in the country were solved by military means first, occurred more often under Kim Jong-il than under Kim Jong-un. Women’s type emphasized the Grand Family Holder of Socialist Society, meaning the state as the grand family of socialist family showed an increasing trend under Kim Jong-un. Based on this analysis, the themes these two leaders emphasized appeared to be reflected in women's type. However, how North Korean authorities perceives women has not changed markedly. The authorities still emphasizes that women can live happily by following the leader’s commands.
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