‘아랍의 봄’ 이후 튀니지인의 이주 - 청년층을 중심으로 -
Post-Arab Spring Transboundary Migration of Tunisians with a Focus on the Youth Population
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본 연구는 아랍의 봄 이후 튀니지인들, 특히 튀니지 청년층의 이주 현상에대해 분석한다. 특히 아랍의 봄이라는 시민 혁명이 튀니지 청년층의 이주 요인및 동인과 어떤 식으로 연관되어 있는지 밝히고, 더 나아가 이주의 결과, 즉 현황에 대해서도 다룬다. 결론적으로 아랍의 봄이 튀니지 청년층의 이주 패턴 및경향을 결정적으로 바꾼 계기가 되지는 않았으나, 이전의 이주에 비해 이주의동기를 강화하고 촉진시키는 매개체의 역할을 하였다고 볼 수 있다. 이주의 요인으로는 정치적 불안 및 부패, 경제적 불평등 및 실업, 불공정한 사회 제도 및기회 균등의 부재 등을 꼽을 수 있다. 이는 아랍의 봄 이전의 이주 요인과 대동소이하나, 아랍의 봄을 계기로 더욱 부각되었다. 향후 튀니지 청년층의 이주 패턴도 크게 변화하지 않겠으나, 현재 이주의 상황이 유지되거나 규모면에서 증가되는 현상이 두드러질 것이라 예상된다.
Abstract
This research study aims to deal with issues pertaining to the migration of Tunisians, in particular the youth population, after the uprisings known as Arab Spring. It mainly examines the factors and motives compelling Tunisians and Tunisian youths to migrate to foreign countries, in particular, Europe. In addition, it explores the consequences of their migration, taking the current situation of Tunisian migration as a reference, to determine whether there are any transitions or changes in their migration patterns. The study concludes that there are no specific changes in the patterns of Tunisian youth migration, but notes that the phenomenon of migration to Europe has been reinforced starting from the uprisings. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the reasons or motives behind migration to other countries can be political issues (such as corruption and political repression), economic issues (such as high unemployment and economic inequality), and social issues (such as social injustice, aspirations towards better education, and pursuit of equality in opportunities). Second, the migration of Tunisian youths will continue or even increase henceforth due to the same factors and motives, as the youth population becomes progressively aware and drawn to concepts of democracy, economic equality, and equality of opportunities through their experiences in leading the Arab Spring. In addition, xenophobia such as Islamophobia in host countries, to which the Tunisian youths are heading, can be expected to increase. As a result, migration becomes an issue not only for the home countries of migrants, but also for their host countries, and can therefore potentially morph into a global issue.
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