해상운송사업자에 대한 온실가스 규제
GHG Reduction Regulations on the Carriers by Sea
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초록
지구촌화가 심화되면서 해운산업의 역할은 더 커지고 있다. 해운부문으로부터의 온실가스 배출행위와 관련하여 강제적이고 구속력이 있는 해결책이나 조약 및 그 밖의 입법행위는 아직 등장하지 않았다. 이 논문에서는 온실가스 규제에 관한 국제규범체계, 온실가스 규제에 관한 두 가지의 접근방식, 일부 자발적인 온실가스 규제 이니시어티브, 그리고 해상법 차원에서 가능한 온실가스 규제 접근방식 등이 검토되었다. 해운부문의 배출행위가 지구기후변화 논의에 있어서 매우 큰 비중을 차지한다고 하는 점에 대해서는 광범위하게 의견의 일치가 이루어지고 있다. 일부 혁신조치들은 효율성 증대와 함께 선박 비용도 절감시킬 수 있다. 효율적이고 매력적인 운송수단을 만들지 않을 이유는 없다. 국제해사기구와 그 밖의 업계 대표들의 노력이 가까운 장래에 결실을 만들어낼 가능성은 충분하다. 지구기후변화가 가져올 돌이킬 수 없는 심각한 사태를 감안하면, 선박소유자, 해상운송자, 그 지주회사 등은 온실가스 배출량 감소를 위해 자발적으로 주도권을 행사할 것이 기대된다.
Abstract
Since the signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, abating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been regarded as an urgent global responsibility. GHGs linger in the atmosphere for decades, centuries, and even longer. When this is coupled with the fact that their impacts are mediated through various complex systems, the result is that climate change is practically irreversible on time scales that most of us care about. However, abatement matters because the nature and severity of the impacts are affected both by the absolute levels of GHG concentrations in the atmosphere and their rates of increase. Since abating GHG emissions imposes costs on emitters, the question of how to allocate these costs fairly has been at the center of climate ethics. Questions about the fairness of various abatement strategies are complicated by the fact that land use changes such as deforestation can also dramatically impact atmospheric concentrations of GHGs both by directly affecting emissions and by changing the biosphere's ability to sequester carbon. Unfortunately, these processes are difficult to characterize and measure. The regulation of GHG emissions in international shipping industry is very important at the present time. In this paper I have explored several aspects of debate in the shipping industry. Several ongoing processes to reduce GHG emissions is explored. Especially an economywide cap-and-trade system to limit the nation's GHG emissions would create a large new financial market. I conclude with a forward looking statement regarding the maritime sector.
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