On the Pragmatic Marker Ni-ZhiDao-Ma ‘Do You Know?’ in Mandarin Chinese
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The purpose of this study was to provide a pragmatic analysis of ni-zhidao-ma (NZDM) ‘do you know’ as a pragmatic marker (PM) in Chinese. Theoretically, following Dunn (1990) and Lee (1992), we assume that all pragmatic uses or functions of a PM share a basic sense (or meaning) and that they are contextually derived from the basic sense. We propose that the basic sense of the PM NZDM is that the speaker expects the addressee to know something. Then we demonstrate how pragmatic functions of the PM can be pragmatically derived from the basic sense and the context. Pragmatic functions analyzed include Attention-getting, Topic-initiating, Hedge, Agreement- seeking, Criticism-enhancing, and Self-repair. Since NZDM can be used to ask a polarity question, we also closely looked at the distinction between the PM NZDM and the grammatical NZDM. This was done by contrasting their syntactic, semantic, phonological, and pragmatic properties.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide a pragmatic analysis of ni-zhidao-ma (NZDM) ‘do you know’ as a pragmatic marker (PM) in Chinese. Theoretically, following Dunn (1990) and Lee (1992), we assume that all pragmatic uses or functions of a PM share a basic sense (or meaning) and that they are contextually derived from the basic sense. We propose that the basic sense of the PM NZDM is that the speaker expects the addressee to know something. Then we demonstrate how pragmatic functions of the PM can be pragmatically derived from the basic sense and the context. Pragmatic functions analyzed include Attention-getting, Topic-initiating, Hedge, Agreement- seeking, Criticism-enhancing, and Self-repair. Since NZDM can be used to ask a polarity question, we also closely looked at the distinction between the PM NZDM and the grammatical NZDM. This was done by contrasting their syntactic, semantic, phonological, and pragmatic properties.