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머신러닝 기반 기업성과 예측 모델의 비교 연구: ESG 평가 등급 포함의 영향

A Comparative Study of Machine Learning-Based Firm Performance Prediction Models: The Impact of Including ESG Evaluation Rating

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초록

· 연구 주제: 본 연구는 기업성과를 예측함에 있어서 ESG(Environmental, Social, and Governance) 등급을 포함시켰을 때 더 우수한 예측성능을 보인다는 것을 입증하는 논문이다. · 연구 배경: 대부분의 기업성과 연구는 ROA를 대용변수로 사용하고, 회귀분석 모델에만 집중해왔으며, 다른 연구 방법론에 대한 시도는 거의 없었다. 이에 본 연구는 기존의 방식과 차별화를 두기 위해 머신러닝 기법을 이용한 기업 재무성과 예측 모델 개발을 목표로 한다. · 선행연구와의 차이점: 대부분의 선행 ESG 연구는 회귀분석 모형을 사용하여 ESG 활동이 재무성과에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝혀왔다. 그러나 데이터 수집의 제한으로, 기업 재무성과 평가는 주로 재무제표의 재무적 요인에만 의존해 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 대표적인 비재무적 요소인 ESG 등급을 고려한 ROA예측 머신러닝 모델을 개발하고자 한다. 특히, ESG 평가등급을 포함하였을 때 기업성과 예측 모델의 성능이 더 우수함을 입증하였다. · 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 기업성과를 예측하는데 있어 전체 산업을 표본으로 하며 10년이라는 장기간의 데이터를 사용하였다. 그리고 머신러닝 분석 방법 중 classifier 방법을 사용하였고, 2가지의 classifier(Extra Trees, Random Forest)의 분석결과를 함께 제시함으로써 보다 신뢰성 있는 연구결과를 제시하였다. · 연구결과: Accurac, Precision, Recall, F1-score, AUC 분석결과에서 모두 일관성 있게 ESG 평가등급 정보를 포함하였을 때가 그렇지 않았을 때보다 결과 값이 전체적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 도출되었다. 따라서 기업성과 측정치인 ROA 예측시에는 ESG 평가등급 정보를 포함하여 예측하는 것이 ESG 평가등급 정보를 포함하지 않고 ROA를 예측하는 것보다 더 정확하게 예측할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. · 공헌점 및 기대효과: 기업성과 연구에 머신러닝을 활용하는 새로운 연구방법론을 제안함으로써 후속 연구자들에게 유용한 예측 모델 설계 가이드라인을 제공한다. 실무적으로는 투자자들에게 ESG 등급을 고려한 투자전략과 기업에게 ESG 경영의 중요성을 인식시키는 데 유의미한 정보를 제공한다.

Abstract

· Research topics: This study reminds us of the importance of ESG information and objectively verifies that ESG is a significant factor in predicting corporate performance as a paper proving that ESG ratings are better predicted when included in predicting corporate performance. · Research background: Most corporate performance studies have used ROA as a proxy variable and focused only on regression analysis models, and there have been few attempts on other research methodologies. Therefore, this study aims to develop a corporate financial performance prediction model using machine learning techniques to differentiate it from existing methods. · Differences from prior research: Most previous ESG studies have shown that ESG activities have a significant impact on financial performance using regression analysis models. However, due to data collection restrictions, evaluation of corporate financial performance has relied primarily on the financial factors of financial statements. Therefore, this study aims to develop an ROA prediction machine learning model that considers ESG ratings, a representative non-financial factor. In particular, it is intended to prove that the performance of the corporate performance prediction model is better when the ESG evaluation rating is included. · Research method: In this study, the entire industry was sampled and long-term data of 10 years was used to predict corporate performance. In addition, the classifier method was used among machine learning analysis methods, and more reliable research results were presented by presenting the analysis results of two classifiers (Extra Trees, Random Forest) together. · Research results: In conclusion, these results were consistently derived from Accuracy analysis results, Precision analysis results, Recall analysis results, F1-score analysis results, and AUC analysis results. Therefore, when predicting ROA, which is a measure of corporate performance, it can be seen that predicting including ESG evaluation grade information can predict more accurately than predicting ROA without including ESG evaluation grade information. · Contribution points and expected effects: By proposing a new research methodology that utilizes machine learning in corporate performance research, it provides useful predictive model design guidelines for subsequent researchers. In practice, it provides investors with investment strategies that take into account ESG ratings and meaningful information for companies to recognize the importance of ESG management.

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