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여성의 정신건강에 대한 고찰: 젠더 편향과 여성 고유의 위험요인을 중심으로

Overview of Women"s Mental Health: Gender Bias and Gender-specific Risk Factors

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류여성학

초록

미국 정신의학회(1994)의 정신장애진단 및 통계 편람에 따르면 여성은 남성에 비해 우울장애, 불안장애, 신체형장애, 섭식장애, 연극성, 의존성 및 경계선 성격장애의 유병률이 더 높다고 한다. 본 연구에서는 진단 구성개념 혹은 진단기준 자체의 편향, 진단적 역치의 편향 및 진단기준 적용의 편향과 같은 젠더 편향의 원인을 살펴보고, 심리적 장애를 유발하고 그 경과와 치료 결과에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 젠더 불평등과 몇 가지 젠더 특정적 위험요인들을 기술하고자 한다. 여성의 정신건강 관련 이슈를 다루는데 특별한 관심이 필요하며, 전통적인 치료적 접근의 대안으로서 여성주의 심리치료 및 상담이 논의되었다.

Abstract

DSM-IV(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; APA, 1994) states that depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder, eating disorder, histrionic, dependent and borderline personality disorder are more prevalent among women than among men. This study reviews the possible causes of gender bias such as biased diagnostic constructs or criteria, biased diagnostic thresholds, and biased application of criteria. And this paper describes gender inequality and a series of gender-specific risk factors, which significantly contribute to triggering mental disorders in females, or to worsen their course and treatment outcome. Special attention needs to be given to addressing mental health issues among women. Feminist psychotherapy and counseling are discussed as an alternative to the traditional approach to therapy.

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