20세기 ‘대구문인화파(大邱文人畫派)’의 형성과 변천 연구

Abstract

This these is written to have a better understanding on literati painting(文人畫)[the four gentleman paintings(四君子畫)], which is one of the streams of arts in Daegu in the 20th century. Including Korean empire period succeeded Choseon dynasty, modern period overlapped with Japanese colony, liberation and contemporary time after the Korean war, art in Daegu for the last 100 years in the 20th century made a great achievement in various area of western art flowed in newly with existing paintings and calligraphic works, which is recorded in the Korean modern-contemporary art history. Above all, literary artist's style in Daegu formed a unique style of painting, which considers the spirit of literary artists as important. And it has been carried on the legacy for three generations as immediate teacher-pupil connection. The center figure among the first generation of Daegu literary artists is Seok-jae Seo Byeong-o(石齋 徐丙五, 1862~1936). He is a typically cultured person, who mastered poems, paintings, and calligraphic works. He was very active in making his own works, and he also founded 'Kyonam Association for research on poems, paintings and calligraphic works(嶠南詩書畫硏究會)', and it helped to train the younger generations, and it developed the cultural capacities for the group of paintings and calligraphic works in Daegu. The center period is 1920s ~ 1930s, due to Seo Byeong-o's style of paintings and his effort to train the upcoming generations, the four gentleman paintings in Daegu formed a characteristic style of painting, which regards the expression of the spirit of literary artists that combined the inner side of the artist and the poems, paintings, and calligraphic works as important. The main artist among the second generation is Juk-nong Seo Dong-kyun(竹儂 徐東均, 1902~1978), who was selected and taught by Seo Byeong-o. Seo Dong-kyun lived as a professional artist and left quite a lot of his own works. And he founded 'Yeongnam paintings and calligraphic works school(嶺南書畫院)' and he has trained many artists in Daegu. Seo Dong-kyun was actively involved in his work during 1950s ~ 1960s, and he painted a various genre such as landscapes, the four gentleman paintings and Gimyeongjeoljihwa(器皿折枝畫), and he was also good at calligraphic works, but unlike Seo Byeong-o, he didn't have the knowledge of Chinese poems. The main artist among the third generation is Chun-seok Park Gun-sul(千石 朴根述, 1937~1993). Park Gun-sul learned literati painting at Seo Dong-kyun's 'Yeongnam paintings and calligraphic works school', and he wrote his thesis studied on Seo Byeong-o, who is the teacher of his teacher, and it established the stream of paintings in the literary artist's style in Daegu more firmly. Park Gun-sul succeeded only the paintings in the literary artist's style from Seo Dong-kyun, and so calligraphy is succeeded to another disciple. But compare with Seo Dong-kyun, who painted various things, Park Gun-sul devoted himself to painting bamboo, so that he could body out the art spirit, understanding the inner side of the objects, deeply in spite of the transition of the time. Literati painting in Daegu has kept the consistency of the four gentleman paintings, which is like the spirit of the literary artists, even though the poems and the calligraphic works are dropped out in the passage of time of three generations. Moreover, it is considered as the reason that it formed a style of painting which can be named as 'Daegu literary artist's school(大邱文人畫派)', because it has been taught directly from the teacher to the disciple.