南冥 讀書法의 유형과 의리학적 특징

Abstract

Nammyeong[南冥] was a great reading theorist in middle Joseon. Criticizing that the readers of his times were not capable of doing Hahak[下學] and yet would start with Sangdal[上達], he tried to set a group of guidelines for Shilcheongunghaeng[實踐躬行] through reading methods. He presented total 14 reading methods. His six "reading methods mentioning an attitude" were based on Jigyeong[持敬], his four "reading methods mentioning know-how" were based on Hwalgan[活看], and his four "reading methods mentioning a purpose" were based on Shildeuk[實得]. In a big picture, Jigyeong[持敬], Hwalgan[活看], and Shildeuk[實得] are in phased relations. Hwalgan[活看] and Jigyeong[持敬]1 respond to each other in Phase1, and Shildeuk[實得] and Jigyeong[持敬]2 do in Phase2. The ultimate intention point is the Cheonri[天理] feeling. Nammyeong's reading methods are Jadeukjihak[自得之學] and thus have a strong aspect of Uirihak[義理學], which involves the self-cultivation nature of Tugyeon[透見] and Musa[無邪] and the practical ethics nature of Jujae[主宰] and Myeongmul[命物]. He reflected on reading situations and established a self-cultivation system of Hahak[下學] as an alternative, thus setting his reading methods as Uirihak[義理學].