17세기 상주지역 사족의 동향

Abstract

Sajok(士族) in the Joseon Dynasty grew up to be leading class both at central and local society from around the 16th century. Sajok who advanced to the central government were developed into Sarim(士林), which dominates government policy and those who remained in local area took charge of the mainstay of local society as local Sajok. In the 17th century, Sajok firmly occupied dominating position in Joseon Dynasty based on Neo-Confucianism. Especially in Youngnam area, Nam-in(南人) who were successors of Toegye(退溪)’s thought worked for central government having the local power as their basis. Youngnam(嶺南) in 17th century was political foundation of Nam-in and most visible area for showing one aspect of Joseon society that Sajok’s local dominating system was embodied from. Previous studies also have focused on Nam-in’s political activities or Sajok’s domination on the local as successors of Toegye’s thought. But the studies on both tendencies have been conducted separately without having systemic connection. Therefore Youngnam Sajok in the Joseon Dynasty has been understood fragmentarily in comparison with the study result. In particular the studies have been tended to be partial toward Nam-in’s standpoint who had succeeded Toegye studies(退溪學). In the 17th century Joseon, expansion and seperation of Sajok led to confrontation between Nam-in and Seo-in(西人) after east-west political factions in the center, while having growth and conflicts of Sajok in the local area. And this situation happen organically both in the central and local. Especially Sangju was best place that shows this characteristic. As a major city of Youngnam, there were a lot of communication and exchange due to the geographic condition of being major transportation point and bordering on Chungcheong-do and Sangju’s this characteristic was reflected in the formation and development of local Sajok. This study tried to find out the characteristic of Sangju Sajok until the middle of 17th century by processing Sangju Sajok’s formation, development and change based on Sangju’s geographical characteristic. Sangju Sajok who had been formed since the middle of 16th century grew up by associating gye(契), making the Hyangan(鄕案), etc, and had great influence on Sangju society by righteous army(義兵) movement during the Japanese Invasion of 1592∼1598(壬辰倭亂). After the war, they ran a private medical institution, Jonaewon(存愛院), for post-war reconstruction and built Do-nam Seowon(道南書院) for the formation of local public opinion and establishment of Sajok identity. In this process, Sangju Sajok could be united around Naksagye(洛社稧) Sajok. Sangju Sajok society was expanding due to the growth of Sajok in early 17th century. As Sangju Sajok society expanded, conflicts among Sajok arose. These conflicts were more evident in management of Seowon and Seodang(書堂) which were the core of Sajok’s activities. The controversy in the management of Do-nam Seowon and Ok-seong Seowon(玉成書院) was one of Sangju Sajok’ conflicts. However the expansion of Sangju Sajok society was revealed by Sajok’s separation in management of Su-seon Seodang(修善書堂) and conflict between Sanyang(山陽) Sajok and Sangju Sajok on establishing Gun-am Seowon(近岩書院). Sajok who grew up in each local area was grown enough to insist independent public opinion since the middle of 17th century, and unlike other region in Youngnam area, this enables Sangju to express various public opinion in politics after the late 1700s.