중앙아시아 이슬람 부흥의 양상과 전망
The Aspects and Prospects of Islamic Revival in Central Asia
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Abstract
This study purposes to inquire into the aspects and prospects of Islamic revival in the Central Asian countries since their independences. Islam in this region is a powerful regulator for the societal lives, an indigenous vector for spiritual identity of the individuals as well as the nation as a whole, and a traditional basis for regional solidarity. Accordingly, the Central Asian countries paid attention to islam to solve their most imminent problem of the time, that is, the task of nation-state building based on new national identity. Islam, which was once expected to serve as a powerful mediator for national and regional integration, however, is now rather treated as a source of disruption threatening social order and regional security. This status of the contemporary islam in Central Asia results from the complicated interactions among various internal and external factors. The biggest factor among them is divided identity of Central Asian Islam. Since the Russian rule, Central Asian islam was bifurcated into 'official islam' and 'popular islam,' and then recently 'political islam' emerges. Represented by the religious administration of Muslims, 'official islam' speaks for the state's position to repress and control all kinds of religious activities. 'Popular islam' is called as 'everyday islam,' but often criticized for its mysticism and passivism. On the while, 'political islam' standing for islamic fundamentalism has been a target for the regimes' oppressions and people's neglect due to its terrorism and extremism. This study concludes that the rifted identity of Central Asian islam is not a perpetual nature but a passing phenomenon. Paying attention to the Central Asian realities of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-religious characteristics, accordingly, we should reconsider the stature and role of islam as a cultural foundation of trans-ethnic and regional identity for harmony and coexistence.
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