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러시아의 행정개혁: 제도화, 탈제도화와 재제도화의 관점에서

Reconsidering Administrative Reforms in Russia: Institutionalization, De-institutionalization and Re-institutionalization process

신혜영|임도빈|정지수
러시아연구소 (Institute for Russian and East European Studies)|2011.05|러시아연구|제21권 제1호|pp. 231-266|DOI 10.22414/rusins.2011.21.1.231

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참고문헌

주제분류러시아어와문학

초록

This study aims to review the institutionalization process of administrative reform efforts in Russia over last decades. Administrative reforms in Russia are implemented through interactions among divers social groups such as elite, bureaucrats, and people. The interactions between these groups results in the dismantling of Soviet institutions and the formation of substitutes. These unstable dynamics are closely related to the change in human networks linked with the political system. Due to a lack of the rule of law, the degree of institutionalization is swallow, so that the actual game of reform and its results depend on to a significant degree on human factors, especially political leaders like Gorbachev, Yeltsin, Putin and Medvedev. This study focuses on analyzing the process of implementation of administrative reforms from the perspective of institutionalization, de-institutionalization and re-institutionalization. In terms of institutionalization, Russia has been introducing a western style democracy such as the separation of power and the weberian bureaucracy. However, the strong inertia toward the concentration of power tends to de-institutionalize this kind of reform efforts. The legacy of nomenklatura and the people's collective memory of 'escape from freedom' result in supporting the charismatic leader like V. Putin. It is by the elite bureaucrats that Russian political and administrative reality is re-institutionalized toward the principle of the old soviet system, especially concentration of power to a small group of elite. This study recommends the rule of law and the bureaucracy reform as the target for future administrative reform.

Abstract

This study aims to review the institutionalization process of administrative reform efforts in Russia over last decades. Administrative reforms in Russia are implemented through interactions among divers social groups such as elite, bureaucrats, and people. The interactions between these groups results in the dismantling of Soviet institutions and the formation of substitutes. These unstable dynamics are closely related to the change in human networks linked with the political system. Due to a lack of the rule of law, the degree of institutionalization is swallow, so that the actual game of reform and its results depend on to a significant degree on human factors, especially political leaders like Gorbachev, Yeltsin, Putin and Medvedev. This study focuses on analyzing the process of implementation of administrative reforms from the perspective of institutionalization, de-institutionalization and re-institutionalization. In terms of institutionalization, Russia has been introducing a western style democracy such as the separation of power and the weberian bureaucracy. However, the strong inertia toward the concentration of power tends to de-institutionalize this kind of reform efforts. The legacy of nomenklatura and the people's collective memory of 'escape from freedom' result in supporting the charismatic leader like V. Putin. It is by the elite bureaucrats that Russian political and administrative reality is re-institutionalized toward the principle of the old soviet system, especially concentration of power to a small group of elite. This study recommends the rule of law and the bureaucracy reform as the target for future administrative reform.

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