『오 개척자들!』에 나타난 새로운 여성 정체성의 문제
Women's Property Rights and the Problem of Identity in O Pioneers!
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
According to the possessive individualism which strongly influenced the ideology of the American Revolution and Westward Expansion, property is an inalienable human right which society is made to protect. From this point of view, human relationship is a competitive and aggressive one. In O Pioneers!, Cather depicts a woman pioneer named Alexandra who grows to be a successful land owner through her intelligence, hard labour and creative ideas. Her proprietorship made it possible for her to lead a free, independent and strong way of life, which differentiate her from the Victorian ideal of women, ‘an angel in the house'. What makes her an important heroine of American literary history is that she overcomes selfish boundary of individualism which defines that individual enters relations only for interests and human society is consisted of series of market relations. She succeeds in her role as the supporter of the family. Her sympathetic understanding of neighborhood enables her to support who are in need of help. She takes care of people who are craving for love and economic supports. In the end, her sympathy toward the community leads her to think that the earth is the common property of humanity as Henry George insisted. She concludes that it is not fair for a person to own certain land eternally as a private property. Cather says that the land could be owned only for an instant by person who understand and work on it and that it could never be under the exclusive ownership of a single person. Alexandra shows Cather's ideal pioneer who liberates whole community by her sympathetic understanding of others and sharing of what she has.
Abstract
According to the possessive individualism which strongly influenced the ideology of the American Revolution and Westward Expansion, property is an inalienable human right which society is made to protect. From this point of view, human relationship is a competitive and aggressive one. In O Pioneers!, Cather depicts a woman pioneer named Alexandra who grows to be a successful land owner through her intelligence, hard labour and creative ideas. Her proprietorship made it possible for her to lead a free, independent and strong way of life, which differentiate her from the Victorian ideal of women, ‘an angel in the house'. What makes her an important heroine of American literary history is that she overcomes selfish boundary of individualism which defines that individual enters relations only for interests and human society is consisted of series of market relations. She succeeds in her role as the supporter of the family. Her sympathetic understanding of neighborhood enables her to support who are in need of help. She takes care of people who are craving for love and economic supports. In the end, her sympathy toward the community leads her to think that the earth is the common property of humanity as Henry George insisted. She concludes that it is not fair for a person to own certain land eternally as a private property. Cather says that the land could be owned only for an instant by person who understand and work on it and that it could never be under the exclusive ownership of a single person. Alexandra shows Cather's ideal pioneer who liberates whole community by her sympathetic understanding of others and sharing of what she has.
참고문헌 (36)
- 김윤상, "진보와 빈곤 땅은 누구의 것인가" (2007), 서울: 살림
- 박경운, "윌라 캐더의 성 정체성: 이민족, 젠더, 이성애주의의 경계선 허물기", 현대영미소설, 14(2), pp.99~124 (2007), 한국현대영미소설학회
- 신문수, "서론: 자연과 미국 문화, In 미국의 자연관 변천과 생태의식", pp.2~18 (2010), 서울대학교 출판문화원
- Cameron, Scott Cannon, "Owning America: American Literature, Ecocriticism,and the Attempt to Redefine Land Ownership", 박사, pp.2011
- Cather, Willa, "O Pioneers!" (2008), New York: Norton
- Cather, "The Demands of Art, In The Kingdom of Art: Willa Cather’s First Principles and Critical Statements 1893-1896", pp.408~409 (1896), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
- Cather, Preface, "The Country of the Pointed Firs. By Sarah Orne Jewett" (1927), New York: Doubledday
- Cather, Willa, "Cather on Writing" (1988), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
- Cather, "Willa Cather Talks of Work", pp.446~449, Bernice Slote
- Cooper, James Fenimore, "The American Democrat" (1956), New York: Vintage Books
- Frus, Phyllis, "Willa Cather’s ‘Pioneer’ Novels and (Not New, Not Old) Historical Reading", College Literature, 26, pp.36~58 (1999)
- George, Henry, "진보와 빈곤" (1988), 서울: 무실
- "Thy Kingdom Come"[URL]
- Hawthorne,Nathaniel, "The Scarlet Letter" (2005), New York: Norton
- Hofstadter,Richard, "The Age of Reform" (1955), New York: Vintage
- Lee,Hermione, "Willa Cather:Double Lives" (1991), New York: Vintage Books
- Lewis,Edith, "Willa Cather Living:a Personal Record" (2000), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
- Macpherson, C. B, "홉스와 로크의 사회철학" (1990), 서울: 박영사
- Michaels,Walter Benn, "The Gold Standard and the Logic of Naturalism:American Literature at the Turn of the Century" (1987), Berkeley: University of California Press
- Mullins, Maire, "Alexandra’s Dreams: “The Mightiest of All Lovers” in Willa Cather’s ‘O Pioneers!’", Great Plains Quarterly, (25), pp.147~159 (2005)
- O'Brien,Sharon, "Willa Cather:The Emerging Voice" (1987), New York: Oxford University Press
- O'Brien, Sharon, "Introduction. O Pioneers!. By Willa Cather", (ix-xxiii)
- Radin, Margaret Jane, "Reinterpreting Property" (1993), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Rosowski, Susan J, "Willa Cather’s Ecological Imagination" (2003), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
- Roth, Mitchel, "Issues of Westward Expansion" (2002), West Port: Greenwood Press
- Ryan, Melissa, "The Enclosure of American: Civilization and Confinement in Willa Cather’s O Pioneers!", American Literature, 75, pp.275~303 (2003)
- Sassabre,Ticien Marie, "Reimagining Property: Ownership and Identity in American Fiction, 1880-1940", 박사, pp.2001
- Schlatter,Richard, "Private Property:The History of an Idea" (1951), New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press
- Slote,Bernice, "The Kingdom of Art" (1966), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
- Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, "Puberty to Menopause: The Cycle of Femininity in Nineteenth-Century America, In Clio’s Consciousness Raised", pp.23~37 (1974), New York: Harper-Torchbooks
- Stout,Janice P, "Willa Cather:The Writer and Her World" (2000), Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia
- Thoreau,Henry David, "Walden and Resistance to Civil Government" (1992), New York: Norton
- Wollstonecraft,Mary, "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" (1996), New York: Dover Publications
- Woodress,James, "Willa Cather:a Literary Life" (1987), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
- "Massachusetts Bill of Rights"[URL]
- "The Virginia Declaration of Rights"[URL]