俛宇 郭鍾錫의 政治哲學과 國權恢復 방향

Abstract

This thesis deals with the ways and characteristics of the restoration of national sovereignty based on Neo-Confucious perspective of Kwak Jong-suk who distinguished himself from the end of the Chosun Dynasty to the Period of the Japanese Occupation. His course of the restoration of national sovereignty was evolved on the foundation of historical tasks, domestic and foreign, facing Chosun. Under the premise that national sovereignty could not be guaranteed unless Chosun overcame the internal contradictions showing terminal symptoms amid the international situations where the Western imperial powers invaded Chosun in full scale, he emphasized the exertion of diplomacy utilizing the dynamics between the Western powers, at the same time he sought methods to strengthen his country by means of disciplining internal minds. In accordance with that, he not only clearly refused to accord with the stance of the Enlightenment Party which aimed the positive acceptance of Western trends of thoughts, but he also took a negative stance against the movement of guarding righteousness and excluding wickedness which insisted the exclusion of foreign powers using physical force with firmly closed attitude. He sought ways to realize national prosperity and military power through the realistic changes of Confucianism and at the same time he coped with the ideological chaos and the national crisis caused by the invasion of the imperial nations on the foundation of Eastern spirit and Western material. After all Kwak Jong-suk's aims of the restoration of the national sovereignty was unfolded on the basis of the guarantee of national survival by exertion of diplomacy by utilizing the dynamics between the Western powers on the foundation of internal defense through the transformation of Confucianism which could adapt to the domestic situations elastically. To carry out this purpose, he not only sent proclamations to the embassies of the Western powers and urged them to curb Japan but he also insisted the execution of the five betrayers of Chosun disclosed the unjustice of the Ul-sa Treaty, exposed the Japanese brutalities at the Paris Peace Conference, drafted a lengthy document to notify the appropriateness of the independence of Chosun, and he ardently supported Dae-dong Dan as the representative of the Confucian school in order to support overseas independence movement of the Shanghai Temporary Government. His roles were rooted on the boon-hap-ron's(分合論) perspective established on the ideological stem of the theory of sim-juk-ri(心卽理說)of the Han-ju School and they showed an aspect of perception of the reality and posture to cope with it which accepted generously various trends of thoughts escaping from the East Asian category.