환경 온도와 등지방두께가 포유모돈의 번식성적, 혈액 특성, 호르몬 성상 및 유 성상에 미치는 영향
Effects of Environmental Temperature and Backfat Thickness on the Reproductive Performance, Blood Characteristics, Hormone Profiles, and Milk Composition in Lactating Sows
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초록
본 연구는 환경 온도와 등지방 두께(BT)가 모돈의 번식능력에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 수행되었다. 실험은 포유모돈 60두를 공시하였고, 2×2 factorial arrangement에 따라 각 처리구는 두 수준의 사육 온도(high temperature [HT], 27.5±1.76℃; low temperature [LT], 23.3±0.89℃) 및 BT(<20mm, 평균 17.70mm; ≥20mm, 평균 23.20mm)로 나누어 2019년 7월부터 8월까지 2개월 동안 실시하였다. 실험 결과 HT 처리구에서 등지방두께 변이폭이 크고, 사료 섭취량은 적은 것으로 나타났다. <20mm BT 처리구가 ≥20mm BT 처리구에 비하여 체중 손실과 등지방 손실이 적은 것으로 나타났다. <20mm BT 처리구의 재귀발정일(<20mm 5.20, 4.93d vs. ≥20mm 5.87, 5.60d)이 ≥20mm BT 처리구보다 짧은 것으로 나타났다. 포유자돈 생존률은 LT 처리구(94.87%) 보다 HT 처리구(90.31%)에서 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 자돈의 이유체중과 일일증체량은 BT가 ≥20mm 이상인 모돈(각각 5.49kg 및 188.41g)보다 BT가 <20mm미만인 모돈(각각 5.75kg 및 201.46g)에서 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. HT 처리구의 모돈은 LT 처리구의 모돈 보다 코티솔 농도가 더 높았다(post farrowing: HT 7.86ug/mL vs. LT 6.04ug/mL; weanling: HT 5.48ug/mL vs. LT 4.40ug/mL). 결론적으로 환경 온도는 모돈의 번식과 코티솔 수치에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, BT가 높은 모돈은 열 스트레스를 받을 때 이유에서 발정까지의 간격이 더 길었다. 본 실험 결과는 실제 농가에서 고온기에 모돈관리하는데 활용될 것으로 보여진다.
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of environmental temperature and backfat thickness (BT) on the reproductive performance of lactating sows. Sixty crossbred sows were allotted to four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement by environmental temperature (high temperature [HT], 27.5±1.76℃; low temperature [LT], 23.3±0.89℃) and BT (< 20 mm, average 17.70 mm; ≥ 20 mm, average 23.20 mm) from July to August 2019. Sows in the HT group experienced a greater change in BT and a lower feed intake. Losses in body weight and BT were lower in sows with < 20 mm BT than in those with ≥ 20 mm BT. Sows with low BT had a lower weaning-to-estrus interval than sows with high BT (5.20, 4.93 d vs. 5.87, 5.60 d, respectively). Piglet survivability was lower in the HT group (90.31%) than in the LT group (94.87%). Piglet weaning weight and average daily weight gain were greater in sows with < 20 mm BT (5.75 kg and 201.46 g, respectively) than in those with ≥ 20 mm BT (5.49 kg and 188.41 g, respectively). Sows in the HT group had higher cortisol concentrations than those in the LT group (post-farrowing: HT 7.86 µg/mL vs. LT 6.04 µg/mL; weanling: HT 5.48 µg/mL vs. LT 4.40 µg/mL). In conclusion, environmental temperature adversely influenced sow performance and cortisol levels. Moreover, sows with low BT had a greater weaning-to-estrus interval when subjected to heat stress.
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