『滄浪詩話』의 ‘識’과 ‘別材·別趣’ 小考

Abstract

『Chang Rang Si Hwa (滄浪詩話)』 : an essay on poetry composed by Um Woo (嚴羽) in end of the Song Dynasty made a huge repercussion in the history of poetics in China. Through the work, Um Woo intended to reflect and criticize the literary men's trends of those days; which were ignoring the nature of poetry being bound by Jeong Go (典故) : an authentic precedent and Su Sa (修辭) : a figure of speech. In this study, I researched the poems created by Lee Baek (李白) and Du Bo (杜甫) in consideration of 'Sik (識)' and 'Byeol Jae · Byeol Chwi (別材·別趣)': knowledge or understanding and special quality · special style, respectively, of which concepts Um Woo presented in 『Chang Rang Si Hwa (滄浪詩話)』 · 「Si Byeon (詩辨)」. What Um Woo presented in the section of 「Si Byeon (詩辨)」 can be summarized to two opinions. First, he told that the nature of gusto of poetry was ‘Si Do Jae Myo Oh (詩道在妙悟)’ : the principles of writing a poem lie in being enlighten, and embodied it as 'I Seon Yu Si (以禪喩詩)': learning poetry through Zen, in which Zen (禪) and literature were inter-related. Second, he insisted the state of being enlighten (妙悟) about creating poetry (詩作) could be learned though the methods of 'Sik (識)' and 'Byeol Jae · Byeol Chwi (別材·別趣)' and worshipped Seong Dang Si (盛唐詩) : a style of poetry creation in Tang period. He considered Li Baek and Du Bo among High-Tang Poets as those poets who had perfectly mastered creating poetry. Um Woo tried to explain the nature of poetry by analyzing both Li Baek and Dubo, and insisted that their poems should be studied as then people learned Confucian classics in the sections of 「Si Pyeong (詩評)」 and 「Go Jeung (考證)」: poetry review and historical research, respectively. Criticizing the study trend to focus on, simply, the words and phrases (字句) and authentic precedents (典故), he emphasized the importance of appreciating the nature of poetry by presenting the concepts of 'Sik (識)' and 'Byeol Jae · Byeol Chui (別材·別趣)' in the poems of Li Baek and Du Bo. He lay stress on the importance of acquiring the nature of poetry by accumulating one's abilities to discern and judge, and, eventually, intended to explain the superb state of 'Oen Wae Ji Ui (言外之意)’ : meanings which lie beyond what's been told, through which a poet could naturally express in his poems without being bound by the knowledge existing inside of the poet.