군중 행동 모형을 이용한 재난 대응 시뮬레이션: 영화관을 중심으로
Disaster Evacuation Simulation Using a Crowd Model: a Movie Theater Case
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사람들이 많이 모여있는 공공 건물의 재난 대응 방안 설계는 매우 중요하다. 공공 건물 중에서도 영화관은 많은 사람들이 좁은 공간에 모여있어 재난이 발생할 경우 인명 피해는 매우 심각하다. 본 연구에서는 인명 피해를 최소화하기위해 시뮬레이션을 이용한 재난 대응 방안을 설계하였다. 군중의 신속한 대피를 위해 대피 안내 요원을 배치하는 것을고려하고 대피 시뮬레이션을 위해 군중의 행동 모형을 정의하였다. 본 연구에서는 서울에 있는 영화관 좌석배치와 정의한 군중 행동 모형을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 대피 안내 요원의 인원과 위치에 따른군중의 대피 시간에 미치는 영향력을 분석하였다. 대피 안내 요원의 수가 증가함에 따라 빠른 시간 내에 모든 군중이대피하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 대피 안내 요원을 출구에서 멀리 배치하는 것이 그렇지 않은 경우보다 군중의신속한 대피를 어렵게 하는 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 결과를 기반으로 해당 영화관에서 군중의 대피 시간을 최소화 할수 있는 대피 안내 요원의 인원과 위치를 제안하였다.
Abstract
A disaster is a sudden event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a city and causes human and economiclosses. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the risk of disaster in crowed places, such as cimena and publicstadium, and design disaster response plan for minimal damage. Using a multi-agent model, this study simulatesthe evacuation behavior of people when a fire breaks out in a cimena and designs the assignment of safetyguards to minimize the evacuation time. As a simulation experiment, we choose a cinema in Seoul and use theseating arrangement of the cinema to estimate the total evacuation time of people. From the experiment, wefound that the number of safety guards and the positions of the guards significantly affect the evacuation time. Based on the result, we proposed a assignment plan of safety guards that minimizes the evacuation time of people.
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