『弟子規』 의 교육적 가치 - 현 중국에서의 교육적 활용을 중심으로

Abstract

『Di Zi Gui(弟子規)』 is written by Li,Yu-xiu(李毓秀) who is from JiangZhou, Shanxi, in Qing Dynasty during the reign of the Kanxi Emperor. The original name of the book is『Xun Meng Wen(訓蒙文)』 . The book is based on the ancient teaching of the Chinese philosopher Confucius saying “A good student is dutiful to the parents at home, and respects elders and superiors while away from home. He is cautious in doing things, trustworthy, loving all equally, and close to wise and virtuous people. In addition, he needs to further study of the literatures passed down from the ancient sages and learned scholars.” The text is mainly illustrates that a young man should be a good son at home and obedient young man abroad, sparing of speech but trustworthy in what he says, and should love the multitude at large but cultivate the friendship of his acquaintances. If he has any energy to spare from such action, let him devote it to making himself cultivated. This assists children to not only create a wholesome forklore but also nurture the family tradition. In Qing’s dynasty, the book『Di Zi Gui(弟子規)』 was a required reading text book for kids, to lead children in the right direction.『Di Zi Gui(弟子規)』 was acknowledged as the best textbook until the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, also it was second only to “San Zi Jing” which explains the influence of this book was remarkable. The author Li,Yu-xiu(李毓秀) Zi(字) is ZiQian(子潛), Hao is Cai San(采三). He is from province Shan Xi, Xinjiang Country LongXingZhen，Zhouzhuang village was born in 1674, Shun Zhi 4th year and died in 1729 at the age of 83, during Yongzheng Emperor 7th year. In the early Qing dynasty, he was a prominent educator and scholar. Li passed the state examination with honors, and lived the life in pursuit of study. Later on, he combined the traditional demand of child education and his own experience in education field and compiled the book named “XunMengWen”. According to ”Xinjinagxianzhi(新絳縣誌)” it is recorded as『Di Zi Gui(弟子規)』 , originally named『Xun Meng Wen(訓蒙文)』 , and the author is Li,Yu-xiu(李毓秀) , from XinJiang. Since then, with the help of modification from Cunren Jia, who is from Fu Shan(浮山), it is reformed and named『Di Zi Gui(弟子規)』 . According to many sources, after the change of name from『Xun Meng Wen(訓蒙文)』to『Di Zi Gui(弟子規)』 , it influenced the age significantly which continues today. Therefore, Jia Cun-ren(賈存仁) is recognized for his great contribution on the scripture『Di Zi Gui(弟子規). As previously mentioned,『Di Zi Gui(弟子規)』 confirms the way of education in the statement which says “A good student is dutiful to the parents at home, and respects elders and superiors while away from home. He is cautious in doing things, trustworthy, loving all equally, and close to wise and virtuous people. In addition, he needs to further study of the literatures passed down from the ancient sages and learned scholars.” In other words,『Di Zi Gui(弟子規)』 is the teaching of saints and it says that being dutiful to one’s parents at home, elders or children(Di Zi) is the first thing to practice, and next one is to measure one’s words and acts. Furthermore, one should keep faith with others. If one can manage this, one can nurture humane affection and can practice the six things mentioned above. If one has enough energy to spare after all these, and then one should take time in pursuit of studying. It is not saying that learning is not important but saying that learning and practice both are all important. However, if one does not have an accurate understanding of theories or contents, one tends to act in a incorrect way, whereas one can only focuses on studies but studies without practice serves nothing. Therefore, start with the basis of filial piety, one should coach one’s recognition and slowly merge it with the theories to unite the knowledge and the behavior. Also, the content of this children’s textbook instructs lessons that is should be learned by not only children but also adults that they should be obey, having significant educational value.