Smuggling and Sex Trafficking of Korean Women into the United States: Review of Case Studies and Its Implication
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The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the smuggling and sex trafficking of Korean women to the United States. Reviewing the case of the smuggling and trafficking of Korean Women, this study discusses the unique character of unauthorized Korean immigration and explores the causes of Korean Women Smuggling and Sex Trafficking. In sum, the study indicates that; 1) individual migration and smuggling are voluntary acts; trafficked persons may also begin their trip voluntarily, but coercion or fraud may turn them into trafficking victims; 2) traffickers and smugglers pay U.S. military personnel to bring Korean women into the U.S. through sham marriages; recent changes in Korean laws on prostitution (2004) pushed many Korean prostitutes out of Korea into U.S. (i.e., crime displacement effect); 3) many of Korean women who are smuggled and sex trafficked process do out of economic or financial duress (push side); the new anti-prostitution stance by the government has significantly increased the “supply” of Korean women to move into the United States voluntarily; the presence of a large immigrant population in the U.S. with communities could be a pull factor of Korean Women. Finally, the study concludes with a brief discussion of the sex trafficking research’s limitation and a recommendation of further study on this issue.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the smuggling and sex trafficking of Korean women to the United States. Reviewing the case of the smuggling and trafficking of Korean Women, this study discusses the unique character of unauthorized Korean immigration and explores the causes of Korean Women Smuggling and Sex Trafficking. In sum, the study indicates that; 1) individual migration and smuggling are voluntary acts; trafficked persons may also begin their trip voluntarily, but coercion or fraud may turn them into trafficking victims; 2) traffickers and smugglers pay U.S. military personnel to bring Korean women into the U.S. through sham marriages; recent changes in Korean laws on prostitution (2004) pushed many Korean prostitutes out of Korea into U.S. (i.e., crime displacement effect); 3) many of Korean women who are smuggled and sex trafficked process do out of economic or financial duress (push side); the new anti-prostitution stance by the government has significantly increased the “supply” of Korean women to move into the United States voluntarily; the presence of a large immigrant population in the U.S. with communities could be a pull factor of Korean Women. Finally, the study concludes with a brief discussion of the sex trafficking research’s limitation and a recommendation of further study on this issue.
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