일제강점기 朴寅浩의 천도교활동과 민족운동

Abstract

Park In-Ho held various posts in succession like the principal of a school, adviser, financial director, Gyeongdosa (a position in the organization of the Cheondo religion) and Chadojoo (a position in the organization of the Cheondo religion) after 1905 and then he became the 4th leader of the Cheondo religion in 1908. As he became the leader, he reorganized the central system of the Cheondo order. The reorganization of the Cheondo order included the removal of the chapel, the establishment of more parishes, system and rule reform in succession. System reform was accomplished to make the central general office put down its roots in the organization and rule reform was for stabilizing the organization after changing to the Cheondo religion from Donghak. As the Cheondo order stabilized through the course of its reorganization, he started education and culture campaign. He established many institutes giving courses of doctrines of the Cheondo religion all over the county and trained thousands of religious workers, and concentrated his efforts on missionary work and education for women. The believers produced by this course became the foundation of the development of the Cheondo religion, and furthermore they played a leading role in the Samil Independence Movement. he thought that education campaign within the Cheondo order should be extended to the outside world. Therefore he took over and managed 7 schools including Dongdeok Girl’s School which had financial troubles. In addition, he actively published the books on doctrines of the Cheondo religion, operated institutes giving courses of its doctrines and published a journal of the Cheondo religion. As the Cheondo order stabilized by his activities, he directly participated in the racial movement. First of all, he donated 65,000 Won over 3 times for the Samil Independence Movement and used to redact a draft of the declaration of independence with Ik-Seon Yoon. As the property of the Cheondo order was confiscated by Japan, he started a campaign for subscription in Ganggye parish and donated funds for the independence movement. Because of such activities, he groaned in prison for 1 year and 8 months. Besides, he supported his nephew, Rae-Won Park who played a leading role in the 6·10 Hurrah Movement and helped him with his necessary things, and he made his son, Rae-Hong Park, and other believers participate in Shinganhoi. Though it was difficult for him to be active due to his chronic disease aggravation, he started the Prayer Movement to ruin Japan in 1938, which was his last racial movement. The prayer movement to ruin Japan progressed according to 3 plans, that is, a plan to offer a prayer at the time of breakfast and dinner and a plan to raise special funds to provide for the opportunity of the recovery of national rights, and a plan to offer a special prayer to ruin Japan. This movement was one of the most religious racial movements which started in Hwanghae Province under the instructions of Park In-Ho and spread all over the country and a save-the-nation movement connected with the Donghak Peasant War and the Samil Independence Movement in which Park In-Ho had participated.