일제의 ‘거류민단법’ 제정과 그 성격

Abstract

Japanese residents in Colonial Korea had managed independent organization undeterred by diverse settlement forms. Under the Japanese imperialism, administrator adopted a policy to strengthen Settlement-centric community, Japanese Settlement had been main-streamed under the control of the public authority. Japanese Settlement had transformed their organization purposely to promote their own benefit. Requirement for revision of Japanese Settlement Corporation was originated from requirement for revision of resident rules. In the initial period, Japanese consul had announced enactment of resident rules from the point of view of supervision of management. But, Japanese Settlement Corporation had already operated by under the authorities of a chief of residents. Consequently, resident rules had to be revised by popular demand for business promotion. Exponential growth of Japanese Settlement expand business scope of Japanese Settlement Corporation and consistent policy for resident rules were required. In 1889, the Japanese foreign ministry had try to issue an order for resident rules, but missed an opportunity to present a bill to the Assembly. In 1895, after the Sino-Japanese War(of 1894-5), the Japanese Government invite an opinion in respect of legislations for Japanese settlement in Korea, especially resident rules. In 1895, there were official proposal to make a formal rules for all Japanese Settlement. In 1897, new port, Mok-Po and Jin-Nam-Po, were opened and legislation for resident rules had come to the fore newly. An opinion to establish corporate body for the Japanese settlement were brought up for the first time. Opinion of Japanese Settlement were actively reflected in revision discussion for resident rules. Japanese Settlement had required acknowledgement as corporation from government to manage public undertaking. They had required government protection of its nationals residing in Korea. But, consequentially, resident rules for Japanese Settlement had not been established. Instead, the Law of Japanese Settlement Corporation was established. In the law, protection for Japanese settlement had been enforced and expanded. Also, requirement for revision of resident rules had been reflected actively in the law. The grounds for legislation of the law were to expand authorities of Japanese Settlement Corporation and to provide the convenience. By act of the law of Japanese Settlement Corporation, Japanese Settlement could organize corporation by the authorization of minister of foreign affairs. In Korea, detailed enforcement regulations had been promulgated in July, 1906. The law had been established after consultation with consul. They had taken into account degree of development in each residential district and residence population. Japanese Settlement Corporation was made up ‘Japanese Settlement Society’ as legislative organ and ‘Staffs of Japanese Settlement’ as executive organ. ‘Japanese Settlement Society’ was legislative organ for self-governing administration. Actually, ‘Staffs of Japanese Settlement’ had handled many affairs. Japanese Settlement Corporation in Korea had adopted single-judge system, unlike collegiate system in Japan. All business managements and administrative affairs had been under one authority. Contents of official work had contained relief of settlement, education, hygiene, construction, trading of land and building, receipt of tax, census, certification, etc. Even though Japanese Settlement Corporation was independent organization, its work scope had contained official works. Japanese Settlement Corporation had promoted business related to interests in regional community. Local influentials had been contented to participate in Japanese Settlement Corporation. This resulted in overheating election for members of Corporation. Before the establishment of Japanese Settlement Corporation, independent organization mainly had been in charge of hygiene in regional community and had extended their activities to education area. Before the establishment of Japanese Settlement Corporation, ‘Japanese Settlement Society’ in various countries had paid partial subsidy for relevant business. The collected amount of a house tax had increased after rising population of Japanese residents. Outside of that, Japanese Settlement Corporation collect taxes including land tax, business tax, etc. Education work had been main business of Japanese Settlement Corporation. Education for Japanese Settlement in Colonial Korea had been closely connected with Japanese immigration policy. They had emphasized an assistance for educational expenses, introduction of secondary institution, vitalization of lecturing tours, etc. In council of Japanese Settlement held in July, 1905, support of education for Japanese Settlement in colonial Korea had been under discussion. After all, ‘Regulation for overseas designated school’ had been established in November, 1905. Japanese Settlement Corporation had responsibility in foundation of overseas designated school and its supervision. In 1907, The Japan–Korea Protectorate Treaty(the Eulsa Treaty) was signed and preferential aids for teaching staffs of elementary school, support of education had been realized under the authorities of the Residency-General. Japanese Settlement Corporation had taken the initiative in secondary education and education of women.