인도의 의약품 특허제도와 TRIPS 규범
India’s Pharmaceutical Patent System and the WTO/TRIPS Rules
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초록
풍부한 기술 노동력을 기반으로 의약품 제조에 있어 세계적인 경쟁력을 가지고 개도국들을 중심으로 전 세계에 일반 의약품을 수출하고 있는 한편, 인구의 30%가 넘는 절대 빈곤인구와 세계 최고의 영아 사망율을 가진 인도에서 일반 의약품(generic) 문제는 국내 정치경제사회적으로 매우 민감한 이슈이다. 이러한 배경하에서 인도의 특허법은 일반 의약품 생산을 법적으로 지원할 수 있도록 1970년 이후 WTO 출범시까지 식품, 농약과 함께 의약품에 대해서는 제법특허만을 인정하고 물질특허는 인정하지 않았다.
Abstract
India enjoys world class competitiveness in manufacturing pharmaceutical products due to the availability of abundant skilled labour force. Meanwhile, India has more than 30% of its population suffering from absolute poverty(living on less than 1 US dollar per day and the highest level of infant death rate in the world caused by malnutrition and rampant diseases. Under these circumstances, the issue of providing generic medicine to public is very sensitive in the Indian society. Since the 1970's until the launch of the WTO in 1995, India's patent law only allowed patent on the manufacturing process but not on the material itself in the area of pharmaceutical products in order to enable Indian companies to produce generic medicines at low cost.
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