A Study on Feasibility of Office-to-Residential Conversion for Urban Regeneration in the Downtown Areas
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(Background and Purpose) After rapid industrialization, South Korea faced urban development challenges such as population concentration in major cities, urban vacancy in downtown areas, and a decrease in population and industrial diversity. It is a critical time to address these urban issues and restore urban functions through socially, environmentally, culturally, and economically integrated strategies. Therefore, urban structural reorganization, infrastructure enhancement, and strategies for sustainable development goals are imperative. This paper aims to define the scope of sustainability through the adaptive reuse of surplus office spaces into residential areas, with the goal of continuously increasing urban diversity to restore and revitalize the competitiveness of declining urban cores. (Method) In terms of research methodology, we plan to initially conduct a 'Diagnosis of urban decline' in the six major cities in Korea, utilizing the 'Urban Revitalization Plan' of the 'Evaluation System for Feasibility of Urban Regeneration New Deal Project' as the basis for analysis. Subsequently, we will proceed to investigate urban assets and derive 'Derivation of current urban issues', followed by proposing methods for 'Discovering customized sustainable contents' to address local problems. (Results) The natural vacancy rate for office spaces in urban areas of the six major cities in Korea was estimated to be between 6% and 8% based on the nationwide urban asset survey conducted in 2023. Applying this to business facility areas, the study calculated the expected area of vacant office spaces, revealing a significant problem of space wastage in the downtown areas of the six major cities in Korea. Converting surplus office spaces into residential units to address these local issues offers several benefits. Firstly, it can contribute to urban regeneration strategies, environmental improvement, and sustainable development of the local community. Secondly, it provides an opportunity for urban regeneration without the need for additional land acquisition or massive construction costs, thus enabling the use of tailored sustainable content. Thirdly, by addressing the mutual issues of increasing office vacancies and declining residential populations in urban areas, it can lead to not only urban regeneration but also economic revitalization and improvement in quality of life. (Conclusions) The downtown areas of major cities in Korea, while symbolizing their history and functions, are facing challenges of decline due to uneven development. Rising land and housing prices exacerbate this decline, making it crucial to emphasize new strategies that prioritize residential expansion and sustainability to revitalize these areas. Therefore, converting surplus office space into residential units can provide a feasible solution by promoting adaptive reuse of urban assets for sustainable residential development. This method effectively addresses the increasing office vacancy rates, revitalizes downtown areas, enhances settlement conditions, restores community ties, and is expected to improve urban resilience and prevent urban decay.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) After rapid industrialization, South Korea faced urban development challenges such as population concentration in major cities, urban vacancy in downtown areas, and a decrease in population and industrial diversity. It is a critical time to address these urban issues and restore urban functions through socially, environmentally, culturally, and economically integrated strategies. Therefore, urban structural reorganization, infrastructure enhancement, and strategies for sustainable development goals are imperative. This paper aims to define the scope of sustainability through the adaptive reuse of surplus office spaces into residential areas, with the goal of continuously increasing urban diversity to restore and revitalize the competitiveness of declining urban cores. (Method) In terms of research methodology, we plan to initially conduct a 'Diagnosis of urban decline' in the six major cities in Korea, utilizing the 'Urban Revitalization Plan' of the 'Evaluation System for Feasibility of Urban Regeneration New Deal Project' as the basis for analysis. Subsequently, we will proceed to investigate urban assets and derive 'Derivation of current urban issues', followed by proposing methods for 'Discovering customized sustainable contents' to address local problems. (Results) The natural vacancy rate for office spaces in urban areas of the six major cities in Korea was estimated to be between 6% and 8% based on the nationwide urban asset survey conducted in 2023. Applying this to business facility areas, the study calculated the expected area of vacant office spaces, revealing a significant problem of space wastage in the downtown areas of the six major cities in Korea. Converting surplus office spaces into residential units to address these local issues offers several benefits. Firstly, it can contribute to urban regeneration strategies, environmental improvement, and sustainable development of the local community. Secondly, it provides an opportunity for urban regeneration without the need for additional land acquisition or massive construction costs, thus enabling the use of tailored sustainable content. Thirdly, by addressing the mutual issues of increasing office vacancies and declining residential populations in urban areas, it can lead to not only urban regeneration but also economic revitalization and improvement in quality of life. (Conclusions) The downtown areas of major cities in Korea, while symbolizing their history and functions, are facing challenges of decline due to uneven development. Rising land and housing prices exacerbate this decline, making it crucial to emphasize new strategies that prioritize residential expansion and sustainability to revitalize these areas. Therefore, converting surplus office space into residential units can provide a feasible solution by promoting adaptive reuse of urban assets for sustainable residential development. This method effectively addresses the increasing office vacancy rates, revitalizes downtown areas, enhances settlement conditions, restores community ties, and is expected to improve urban resilience and prevent urban decay.
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