국내 도심 복합상업시설의 건축적 공공성에 관한 연구 -내부 공용공간을 중심으로-
A Study on the Architectural Publicness of Urban Commercial Complexes -Focus on Indoor Common Spaces-
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(연구배경 및 목적) 현대 도시에서 복합상업시설은 단순한 소비공간을 넘어 다양한 여가와 문화를 제공하는 공간으로 인식되고 있다. 하지만, 운영자의 입장에서는 이러한 시설들이 수익 창출을 목적으로 한다. 특히 불특정 다수가 주요 수용 대상이 되며, 외부공간이 부족한 도심 복합상업시설에서는 사계절 이용이 가능한 내부 공용공간의 공공성이 더욱 중요한 요소로 부각된다. 본 연구는 도심 복합상업시설의 내부 공용공간을 건축적 공공성의 관점에서 분석하고, 이를 통해 향후 내부 공용공간의 공공성 증진을 고려한 도심 복합상업시설의 건축 계획적 자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. (연구방법) 연구대상으로 서울 도심지역에 위치한 대형 복합상업시설인 더현대서울, 잠실롯데월드몰, IFC몰을 선정해 내부 공용공간을 건축적 공공성의 관점에서 분석하였다. 연구방법은 우선 선행연구를 통해 복합상업시설 내부 공용공간의 개념과 건축적 공공성의 정의를 고찰하였다. 선행연구를 바탕으로 연계성, 개방성, 접근성, 쾌적성, 인지성의 요소로 구성된 건축적 공공성 분석의 틀을 설정하였고 이를 기반으로 각 사례를 분석하고 이를 종합하여 내부 공용공간의 건축적 공공성을 파악해 결론을 도출했다. (결과) 사례분석 결과 도심 복합상업시설의 내부 공용공간은 수평적, 수직적, 시각적 연계를 높이고 이를 외부 도시공간과 유연하게 연결하는 방식으로 공공성을 확보하였으며, 오픈스페이스, 수직공간 등을 활용하여 개방성을 확보하고, 외부 도시공간과 입체적이고 직접적 방식으로 연결하여 접근성을 높였으며, 자연채광, 자연적 요소, 휴게공간을 활용하여 심리적·기능적 쾌적성을 높였고, 상징적 공간요소와 조형적 건축요소를 통해 위치 및 방향 인지성을 제공하여 공공성을 확보하였다. (결론) 공적 역할이 확대되고 있는 도심 복합상업시설의 내부 공용공간 공공성 증진을 위한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1)연계성 강화: 도시 조직과의 연계를 강화하여 수평 및 수직 이동을 원활히 하고, 시각적으로 개방된 공간을 통해 층간 단절을 해소하는 계획, 2)개방성 확대: 수평 및 수직 오픈스페이스를 분산 배치하여 시설의 전체적 개방감을 높이고, 외부 공간과 시각적으로 연결하여 개방감을 확보하는 계획, 3)접근성 향상: 모든 주요 가로에서 접근 가능한 출입구를 배치하고, 지하 대중교통시설과 연결 동선을 제공하여 접근 편의성을 높이는 계획, 4)쾌적성 증진: 천창, 측창, 수직 보이드 등을 통해 자연채광을 극대화하고, 수공간, 식재 등 자연 요소와 휴게시설을 공간구성과 연계·배치하여 쾌적한 환경을 조성하는 계획, 5)인지성 제고: 명료한 주 동선 형태와 랜드마크 역할을 하는 상징적 공간 및 조형적 요소를 활용하여 이용자의 위치 및 방향 인지성을 높이는 계획이 필요하다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) In modern cities, urban commercial complexes are perceived as spaces for leisure and cultural experiences. However, from the operators' perspective, these facilities are designed to generate revenue, making the attraction of visitors and extension of their stay crucial for the successful operation of the facilities. Particularly in urban commercial complexes with limited outdoor space, the public nature of year-round indoor common spaces becomes an increasingly important factor, given a large number of unspecified visitors. This study aims to analyze the indoor common spaces of urban commercial complexes from the perspective of architectural publicness, providing architectural planning resources that consider the enhancement of publicness in these spaces. (Methods) The study focuses on three large urban commercial complexes located at urban center areas in Seoul : The Hyundai Seoul, Lotte World Mall in Jamsil, and IFC Mall. These facilities were analyzed from the perspective of architectural publicness. The research method began with a review of previous studies to examine the concept of indoor common spaces in urban commercial complexes and to define architectural publicness. Based on the findings from prior research, an analytical framework was established, comprising elements of connectivity, openness, accessibility, comfort, and spatial recognition. This framework was then used to analyze each case study, leading to conclusions about the architectural publicness of indoor common spaces. (Results) The case study analysis revealed that the indoor common spaces of urban commercial complexes secure publicness by enhancing horizontal, vertical, and visual connectivity and flexibly linking these spaces with the urban environment. Openness was achieved through the use of open spaces and vertical spaces, while accessibility was enhanced by directly and three-dimensionally connecting the facilities to the urban spaces. Comfort was increased by utilizing natural lighting, natural elements, and rest areas, and publicness was ensured through symbolic spatial elements and architectural features that enhance the recognition of location and direction (Conclusion) The conclusions drawn for enhancing the publicness of indoor common spaces in urban commercial complexes are as follows: 1)Strengthening Connectivity: Ensure connectivity with the urban fabric by circulation paths. Provide continuous horizontal movement and open vertical movement to maintain a smooth flow. Create visually open spaces to resolve floor-level disconnections. 2)Expanding Openness: Increase the overall sense of openness by dispersing horizontal and vertical open spaces and ensuring visual connections with external spaces through side windows. 3)Improving Accessibility: Enhance accessibility by placing entrances accessible from all major streets and planning pathways directly connected to underground public transportation facilities. 4)Enhancing Comfort: Maximize natural lighting through skylights, side windows, and vertical voids, and create a pleasant environment by incorporating natural elements. 5)Enhancing spatial recognition: Improve user recognition of location and direction by employing clear main circulation paths, landmark spaces.
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