텍스트마이닝을 활용한 근대건축유산에 대한 대중 인식 분석
An Analysis of Public Perception on Modern Architectural Heritage Using Text Mining
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(연구 배경 및 목적) 근대 시기에 만들어진 건축유산들은 일제의 산물로 치부되어 철거 또는 방치됐으나 최근에는 근대문화유산의 가치를 인정하고 이를 보존·활용하기 위한 제도와 사업들이 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 활동들은 대중들의 의식과 자발적인 참여가 이루어지지 않으면 실질적인 효과를 얻기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 공간 경험적 관점에서 근대건축유산에 대한 대중들의 인식을 분석하기 위해 텍스트마이닝을 활용하여 주요 이슈를 도출하고자 하였다. (연구 방법) 연구 방법은 텍스트 데이터를 활용하였으며, 데이터 수집 도구는 텍스톰을 이용하였다. 수집키워드는 ‘근대건축’과 ‘방문’이며, 2009년부터 2023년까지 최근 15년간의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집 채널은 네이버의 블로그와 뉴스로 설정하였다. 수집된 데이터는 전처리 과정을 거친 후 총 55,822개의 단어가 최종적으로 도출되었다. 이를 바탕으로 단어 빈도분석, N-gram 분석, CONCOR 분석을 진행하였다. 분석도구는 텍스톰과 Ucinet 6을 사용하였다. (결과) 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 근대건축유산에 대한 대중들의 인식 빈도분석에서는‘문화’,‘역사’가 주요 키워드로 나타났으며, TF-IDF 분석에서는 인천, 군산과 같이 근대건축유산의 보존 및 활용 사업을 활발하게 진행한 도시들이 중요한 단어로 도출되었다. N-gram 분석에서는 우리 나라, 역사 문화, 인천 개항장이 상위에 출현하였으며, 2014년부터 도시 재생이 상위에 등장하기 시작하여 이 시기부터 시행된 도시재생사업과 근대건축유산이 연관이 있음을 유추할 수 있었다. CONCOR 분석에서는 기간별로 각각 4개의 군집이 형성되었으며 근대건축유산과 관련된 다양한 주제를 반영하였다. 2009~2013년에는 대구 근대골목, 주요 근대도시와 보존, 서양식 종교건축, 한국의 전통, 2014~2018년에는 주요 근대도시와 보존 및 활용, 인천 개항장 거리, 관광 자원, 서양식 종교건축, 2019~2023년에는 관광 자원, 인천 개항장 거리, 주요 근대도시와 보존 및 활용, 서울 중구와 관련한 단어들이 군집으로 구성되었다. (결론) 본 연구를 통해 근대건축유산에 대하여 대중들은‘역사 문화’,‘문화 유산’,‘역사 가치’등을 중요한 키워드로 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 정부와 지자체의 보존 및 활용 사업이 대중들의 인식 형성에 영향을 미치고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. 따라서, 향후에는 근대건축유산을 관광 자원적 관점에만 국한하지 않고 다양한 관점에서 연구와 정책이 수립되어야 할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) The architectural heritage constructed during Korea’s modern era was regarded as a legacy of the Japanese Empire and was either demolished or neglected. However, initiatives and projects have recently been implemented to recognize the value of modern cultural heritage and preserve and utilize it. Nevertheless, low public awareness and voluntary participation are likely to constrain the efficacy of these initiatives. Therefore, this study employed text mining to analyze public perceptions of modern architectural heritage from a spatial-experience perspective and identify key issues. (Method) The textual data was used for the research method, and Textom was used for the data collection tool. The collection keywords are 'modern architecture' and 'visit', and data for the last 15 years from 2009 to 2023 were collected. The data collection channel was set to NAVER’s blog and news sources. The data were preprocessed, and a total of 55,822 words were ultimately derived. Accordingly, this study conducted word frequency, N-gram, and CONCOR analyses using Textom and Ucinet 6. (Results) The main findings are as follows. In the frequency analysis of public perceptions regarding modern architectural heritage, the keywords ‘culture’ and ‘history’ were identified as the most prominent. In the TF-IDF analysis, cities such as Incheon and Gunsan, which have been actively engaged in preservation and utilization projects for modern architectural heritage, emerged as significant terms. The N-gram analysis revealed ‘our country’, ‘historical culture’, and ‘Incheon Open Port’ as the top-ranking terms. Notably, ‘urban regeneration’ began to appear from 2014, suggesting a linkage between urban regeneration projects and modern architectural heritage initiated in the same year. The CONCOR analysis identified four distinct clusters for each period, reflecting various themes related to modern architectural heritage. From 2009 to 2013, the clusters included Daegu’s Modern Alley, major modern cities and preservation, Western-style religious architecture, and Korean tradition. From 2014 to 2018, the clusters focused on major modern cities, preservation and utilization, Incheon’s Open Port area, tourism resources, and Western-style religious architecture. Finally, from 2019 to 2023, the clusters highlighted tourism resources, Incheon’s Open Port area, major modern cities with a focus on preservation and utilization, and terms related to Seoul’s Jung-gu district. (Conclusions) Through this study, it was found that the public recognizes 'historical culture', 'cultural heritage', and 'historical value' as important keywords for modern architectural heritage. Furthermore, it was found that government and local government projects that preserve and utilize modern architectural heritage significantly influence public awareness. Therefore, future research and policy development should adopt diverse perspectives, moving beyond the view of modern architectural heritage solely as a tourism resource.
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