탄소중립 건축을 위한 그린빌딩의 입체녹화 디자인 방법에 관한 연구 -업무용 오피스 건축을 중심으로-

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Globally, efforts to achieve carbon neutrality in response to climate crises have increased in recent years. Following the 2018 IPCC warning, Korea has also participated in global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy consumption efficiency and announced the 2050 Carbon Neutral Roadmap in 2020 as a policy measure for carbon neutrality. This study analyzed the impact of green spaces in a city by building 3D green spaces to reduce energy consumption for cooling and heating in urban areas. Through this analysis, this study verified the impact of 3D green spaces on reducing energy consumption. (Method) The Design Builder is a simulation program based on Energy Plus and ASHRAE 90.1 templates. Among commercial facilities, which are the second largest in scale after residential facilities in Korea, neighborhood living and office spaces were selected as the targets in this study. The 3D green design method selected a green roof, green wall, green indoor, and green balcony, and a mixed type composed of three of these types. The building components were constructed using the standards and climate data of Seoul. A simulation program was used to compare and analyze the energy savings of 3D green-type and standard buildings. (Results) The 3D green design methods were compared and analyzed through simulation. The results showed that 3D green reduced energy consumption as a passive element of the green building, but the effect was not significant as the architectural standards were improved by increasing insulation. The 3D green design method influenced the determination of green buildings, along with the amount of energy reduction, as the reduction per 3D green area varied by type. The green roof had a limitation in that greening was applied only to the roof. Therefore, the energy reduction amount and the reduction amount per 3D green area were not large, whereas the green wall showed an effect proportional to the large 3D green area. Green indoor and green balcony had positive reduction efficiency compared to the greening area and could be applied to all floors. The mixed type had good reduction per 3D green area, exhibited the largest total energy consumption, and was derived as a suitable design method. (Conclusions) 3D green can reduce energy consumption to some extent, and the reduction per area of 3D green varies by type. Therefore, it is possible to select and use a design method when creating green buildings. The 3D green design methods are divided into vertical and horizontal types. For vertical types, the reduction efficiency is good, but management and use are difficult; therefore, it is better to actively introduce horizontal methods. Mixed types should involve two methods; this is the best approach in terms of energy consumption reduction efficiency. As a passive element of green buildings, suitable 3D green would not only provide aesthetic beauty to the city and have an ecological effect, but would also reduce energy consumption, which could assist in attaining carbon neutrality; the carbon dioxide absorbed by plants would have the effect of reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.