제주도 뮤지엄 건축의 지역성 표현 연구 -비판적 지역주의를 중심으로-

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Korea has achieved economic development through rapid social changes such as war and military dictatorship, but modern architecture was carried out for the purpose of construction, not sufficient discussion and identity establishment during the modernization process. Jeju Island was relatively less affected by modernization of architecture based on the peculiarity of an island, and is one of the few places in Korea that has managed to preserve its local character through its preserved natural environment. However, the growing number of tourists and uncontrolled development since the 2010s have led to the loss of Jeju's regionality. Among them, art galleries and museums have the highest ratio to area in the country, but they are used only for commercial purposes rather than for the purpose of establishing Jeju's regionality or identity. In order for Jeju Island to become a sustainable tourist destination, it should have its own characteristics, and localism should also be discussed in the architecture of museums visited by tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look at the existing Jeju Island Museum from a critical regionalism perspective, derive the elements of Jeju Island's regionality, and serve as a reference for expressing regionality in future museum architecture. (Method) As a theoretical review to achieve the research objectives, a comparative analyzes regionalism and critical regionalism is conducted. In addition, based on the expression characteristics and keywords shown in previous studies on regionalism, expression elements are derived to prepare a framework for analysis, and cases of Jeju-Island museum buildings are analyzed and evaluated. (Results) Placeness scored the highest and appeared in most buildings. Most of them represented places through slope adaptation and the influx of natural environment. Tectonic received the second score, the most common expression was the reinterpretation of the material. A contemporary reinterpretation of basalt, highlighting Jeju's unique geological features. As far as sensitivity is concerned, it has largely been lacking, as K. Frampton directly mentioned, with Ando Tadao's architectural works. (Conclusions) When analyzing the museum's architecture from the perspective of critical regionalism, the concept place was emphasised. However, the results derived were not effective in demonstrating the regionality of a specific area, but rather seemed to be a form of self-expression by the architect. The reinterpretation of basalt through reprocessing, color, and sensation is an effective expression of Jeju-Island's regional identity. Critical regionalism, which has limitations in expressing regions with unclear categories and definitions, needs to focus on constructivity. If architect keep the inflow of the natural environment and minimize damage to the natural environment and expand the scope of reinterpretation of local traditional structures, techniques, and materials, architect adopt a critical regionalism perspective that is both practical and effective.