존 클레어의 ‘푸른 언어’와 그 한계: 클레어의 인클로저 저항시 읽기
Problems of an Ecological Reading of John Clare’s Enclosure Poems
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Enclosure poems by John Clare have been highly acclaimed as a model for ecological writing in ecocriticism. What critics find particularly intriguing in these poems is Clare’s effort to develop “a language that is ever green.” Distinctive features of this poetic language include resistance to standardized English and the frequent use of the rhetorical device of prosopopoeia (or personification)--features which ecocritics regard as expressions of a deep ecological consciousness. I argue, however, that Clare’s departure from standards of grammar and punctuation does not parallel his opposition to the tyranny of enclosure. In the cultural context of 1820’s, his nonstandard language cannot be seen as the struggle against linguistic tyranny. Moreover, the ways that Clare employs prosopopoeia are sometimes shown to be the appropriation of the land for releasing his own emotions. While personifying natural objects, in other words, he shows himself to be a ventriloquist. We need to be careful that an ecological reading of Clare’s poetry do not blind us to the limits of his “green language.”
Abstract
Enclosure poems by John Clare have been highly acclaimed as a model for ecological writing in ecocriticism. What critics find particularly intriguing in these poems is Clare’s effort to develop “a language that is ever green.” Distinctive features of this poetic language include resistance to standardized English and the frequent use of the rhetorical device of prosopopoeia (or personification)--features which ecocritics regard as expressions of a deep ecological consciousness. I argue, however, that Clare’s departure from standards of grammar and punctuation does not parallel his opposition to the tyranny of enclosure. In the cultural context of 1820’s, his nonstandard language cannot be seen as the struggle against linguistic tyranny. Moreover, the ways that Clare employs prosopopoeia are sometimes shown to be the appropriation of the land for releasing his own emotions. While personifying natural objects, in other words, he shows himself to be a ventriloquist. We need to be careful that an ecological reading of Clare’s poetry do not blind us to the limits of his “green language.”
참고문헌 (14)
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