블록체인 기술의 사물인터넷 적용에 대한 조사 연구-적용 환경, 합의 알고리즘, 플랫폼 중심으로
Survey on Blockchain Technologies Applied to IoT – Focusing on Applied Environment, Consensus Algorithms, and Platforms
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초록
최근 4차 산업혁명을 구성할 기술 중 사물인터넷과 블록체인 기술은 그 핵심에 있다. 본 논문에서는 사물인터넷을 위해 블록체인 기술을 접목한 연구들을 살펴본다. 사물인터넷을 구성할 기기 수가 폭증하고, 그 수집 관리될 데이터 양 또한 상당할 것으로 예측하고 있다. 이러한 기기나 기기로부터 생성될 데이터에 대한 안전성 확보는 해결해야할 문제로 대두된다. 이러한 문제의 해결책으로서 데이터 관리의 분산화, 위조불가능, 추적가능 등 데이터의 안전성 등을 제공하는 블록체인 기술을 꼽고 있다. 그러나 기존 전자화폐 관리(예, 비트코인)에서 사용되는 합의 알고리즘의 계산의 비효율성 등이 사물인터넷에 적용되기 위해 개선해야할 점으로 꼽히고 있으며, 이를 개선한 블록체인 기술이 사물인터넷에 적용되는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 사물인터넷 시스템을 위해 적용된 블록체인 기술 사례를 살펴 보기위해 적용 환경(가정, 병원, 기업, 정부), 합의 알고리즘(작업증명, 지분증명), 플랫폼(이더리움, 하이퍼레저) 으로 분류하여 그 특징을 분석한다. 이러한 최근 연구 동향 분석을 통해 사물인터넷 구성을 위한 블록체인 기술의 적용 가능성을 보이고, 앞으로 진행해야 할 연구주제와 해결해야할 사항을 제언한다.
Abstract
IoT(Internet of Things) and blockchain technologies are at the core of the technologies that form the fourth industrial revolution. In this paper, we examine the researches incorporating blockchain technology for the IoT. It is predicted that the number of IoT devices explode, and the amount of data to be collected and managed would also be significant. Ensuring the security of the device or data generated from the device is a problem to be solved. The blockchain technology is considered as a solution to this problem, because it provides data safety such as decentralization of data management, non-forgery, and traceability. However, it is considered that the inefficiency of the calculation of the consensus algorithm used in existing electronic cryptocurrency management (e.g., Bitcoin) should be improved in order to be applied to the Internet of Things. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the blockchain technology applied for the IoT system by classifying recent research into an applied environment (i.e., home, hospital, company and government), consensus algorithm (i.e., Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, and so on), platform (i.e., Ethereum, Hyperledger), and effort for blockchain application. Through the recent research trend analysis, we show the applicability of blockchain technology for constructing the IoT, and suggest future research topics and issues to be resolved.
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