헤센베르크 분해와 특잇값 분해를 이용한 웨이블릿 패킷 기반 워터마킹
Wavelet Packet Based Watermarking Using Hessenberg and Singular Value Decomposition
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 논문에서는 헤센베르크 행렬 분해와 특잇값 분해를 이용한 웨이블릿 패킷 기반 영상 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안한다. 웨이블릿 패킷 변환은 최저주파수와 최고주파수를 제외한 부대역에 워터마크를 적절히 삽입할 수 있어 워터마킹 알고리즘이 가져야 하는 비가시성과 강인성을 동시에 향상할 수 있다. 또한 선택된 부대역의 웨이블릿 패킷 계수와 워터마크를 헤센베르크 분해와 특잇값 분해로 행렬 분해하여 워터마크를 삽입하면 다른 주파수 영역 기반 워터마킹 알고리즘이 취약한 기하학적인 공격에 대해 강인성을 증가시킬 수 있다. 알고리즘의 비가시성과 강인성을 확인하기 위해 모의실험을 통해 워터마크가 삽입된 영상의 PSNR과 추출한 워터마크와 원 워터마크 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 모든 모의 실험은 MATLAB 버전 R203b 소프트웨어를 사용하여 수행되었다. 그 결과 워터마크가 삽입된 영상의 PSNR이 38dB 보다 높아 충분한 비가시성을 보이며 웨이블릿 기반의 워터마킹에 비해 높은 성능을 보였다. 또한 삽입된 워터마크와 원 워터마크의 상관관계도 0.99이상을 나타내어 다양한 공격에 대해서도 잘 유지됨을 확인할 수 있다. 특히 모의 실험을 통해 영상이 더 복잡하고 고주파 영역이 비교적 많이 포함된 항공 영상의 경우 개선 폭이 더 큼을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a wavelet packet based image watermarking algorithm using Hessenberg decomposition and singular value decomposition. The wavelet packet transform can properly embed the watermark in the sub-band excluding the lowest and highest frequencies, which can simultaneously improve the invisibility and robustness of the watermarking algorithm. In addition, Hessenberg decomposition and singular value decomposition is used to change the wavelet packet coefficients and watermark to increase the robustness. These matrix decomposition can enhance the robustness against geometric attacks, which other frequency domain based watermarking algorithms are vulnerable to. The invisibility and robustness of the algorithm were analyzed through simulations, and the PSNR of the watermarked image and the correlation between the extracted watermark and the original watermark were analyzed. All simulations were performed using MATLAB version R203b software. As a result, the PSNR of the embedded watermarked image is over 38 dB, which is sufficiently invisible and shows high performance compared to wavelet based watermarking. The correlation between the embedded watermark and the original watermark is more than 0.99, which shows that it is well maintained under various attacks. In particular, the simulation shows that the improvement is greater for aerial images, which are more complex and contain relatively more high-frequency regions.
참고문헌 (15)
- I. J, Cox, "Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, 6(12), pp.1673~1687 (2016)
- N. Nikolaidis, "Robust image watermarking in the spatial domain", Signal Processing, 66(3), pp.386~403 (1998)
- F. Ernawan, "A robust image watermarking technique with an optimal DCT-psychovisual threshold", IEEE Access, 6, pp.20464~20480 (2018)
- T. K. Tsui, "Color image watermarking using multidimensional Fourier transforms", IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Security, 3(1), pp.1628~ (2008)
- Y. Wang, "wavelet-based watermarking algorithm for ownership verication of digital images", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, 11(2), pp.77~88 (2002)
- M-S. Hsieh, "Hiding digital watermarks using multiresolution wavelet transform", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 48(5), pp.875~882 (2001)
- Z. H. Wei, "Perceptual digital watermark of images using wavelet transform", IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron, 44(4), pp.1267~1272 (1998)
- M. Vetterli, "Wavelets and filter gbanks : Theory and design", IEEE Circuits and System Magazine, 9, pp.57~68 (1992)
- J. shi, "Novel Fractional wavelet packet transform: theory, implementation, and applications", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 68, pp.4041~4054 (2020)
- G. Bhatnagar, "Robust watermarking using fractional wavelet packet transform", IET Image Processing, 6(4) (2012)
- Q. Su, "Novel blind colour image watermarking technique using Hessenberg decomposition", IET Image Processing, 10(11), pp.817829~ (2016)
- Q. Su, "A novel blind color image watermarking using upper Hessenberg matrix", AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 76(6), pp.64~71 (2017)
- A. K. Singh, "Multiple watermarking technique for securing online social network contents using back propagation neural network", Future Generation Computer Systems, 86(1), pp.926~939 (2018)
- A. K. Singh, "Improved hybrid algorithm for robust and imperceptible multiple watermarking using digital images", Multimedia Tools Applications, 76(6), pp.8881~8890 (2017)
- J. Liu, "An optimized image watermarking method based on HD and SVD in DWT domain", IEEE Access, 7, pp.80849~80860 (2019)