베이비부머 가계의 가구인수별 소비지출패턴 분석

Abstract

This study attempts to identify consumption expenditure patterns of babyboomer households according to number of persons using cluster analysis, find out the socio-economic characteristics of the identified clusters, and compare the patterns of different groups. This study uses the data provided by Korea Welfare Panel Study published in 2014. Among total sample 7053 households, 1135 households are babyboomer households. For this study, we classify five babyboomer groups: one-person household, two-person households, three-person households, four-person households, and more than five-person households. The 10 consumption categories of this study employ those of the 2014 Korea Welfare Panel Study that is the data of the study. The variables used as criteria variables for cluster analysis are the proportions of the expenditures of each consumption categories in total consumption expenditure. The 1135 babyboomer households undergo an analysis using statistical package for social science (SPSS) 21.0, specifically k-means cluster analysis. Four consumption patterns are identified for each number of person groups. The major result from cluster analysis are summarized as follows. First, each household is separated by four consumption expenditure patters. One-person households are separated by household-dominated, food-dominated, others-dominated, and health- dominated. Two-person households are separated by balanced, others-dominated, transport- dominated, and food-dominated. Three-person households are separated by health-dominated, food-dominated, others-dominated, transport-dominated. Four-person households are separated by food-dominated, transport-dominated, education-dominated, and others-dominated. More than five-person households are separated by food-dominated, transport-dominated, education- dominated, and others-dominated. Second, three consumption expenditure patterns of one-person households are very similar to consumption expenditure patterns of elderly households. They are household-dominated, food- dominated, and health-dominated, which show elderly poor households’ consumption expenditure patterns. The levels of income and expenditure for those clusters are low. Next, food-dominated pattern is common consumption expenditure pattern shown in all babyboomer households according to number of persons. The budget of the food-dominated pattern is more likely tend to be allocated to food, housing, and electricity and waters consumption categories. The clusters with food-dominated pattern barely seem to make ends meet even if they are babyboomer. Finally, another pattern commonly shown in all babyboomer households according to number of persons is others-dominated pattern. This pattern is not identified in elderly households. These households allocate their budget to diverse consumption categories and it shows their active lives compared with the households in other clusters. Of each household according to number of persons, others-dominated cluster shows the highest socio-economic structure, that is the consumption expenditure level of this cluster is the highest. And this cluster is considered as new senior which has a different socio-economic structure and consumption expenditure allocation when compared to the prior generation.