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노인의 사회활동과 인지기능

Social Activities and Cognitive Functioning of the Korean Older Adults

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 노인의 사회활동이 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 고령화패널조사(KLoSA) 1차~7차 자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 실증 분석에 있어서 사회활동과 인지기능 간의 상호적 관계를 고려하여 동태적 패널분석모형인 Arellano-Bond(AB) 모형을 활용하였다. 사회활동을 공식적 사회활동과 비공식적 사회활동으로 구분하고 성별로 나누어 분석한 결과, OLS와 고정효과모형에서는 공식적 사회활동과 지인과의 만남 등의 비공식적 사회활동은 남녀 노인의 인지기능과 정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 인지기능과의 역인과성을 고려한 AB모형 추정 결과 여성 노인의 경우에는 공식적 사회활동의 영향이 유의하지 않았으며 비공식적 사회활동인 지인 그리고 자녀와의 만남이 여전히 인지기능과 정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 남성 노인의 경우에는 역인과성을 보정한 이후에도 공식적 사회활동이 인지기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 세부 인지기능별로는 여성의 경우 지인과의 만남이 시간 및 장소지남력, 기억등록, 기억회상, 언어 및 시공간구성에 영향을 미쳤으며 자녀와의 만남은 시간 및 장소지남력, 기억등록, 언어 및 시공간구성에 영향을 미쳤다. 남성의 경우에는 자녀와의 만남이 기억 등록에 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 결과는 여성과 남성에 따라 사회활동의 효과에 차이가 있으며 인지기능 저하 지연 및 예방을 위해서는 공식적 사회활동 뿐 아니라 비공식적 사회활동의 효과에 주목하고 적극 장려할 필요가 있다는 것을 시사한다.

Abstract

This paper studies the effect of social activities on cognitive functioning of Korean older adults. Social activities and cognitive functioning can have reciprocal relationship, and to address the reverse causality we analyze 2006 to 2018 waves of Korean Longitudinal Panel Study (KLoSA) using Arellano-Bond (AB) GMM estimation. Social activities are classified as formal and informal. Formal social activities are measured as the frequency of participating in religious, leisure, cultural, political activities, sports, alumni societies, and volunteering. Informal social activities are measured as the frequency of engaging in face to face meeting with friends and children. Results from the fixed effects estimation show that for both men and women, social activities have positive relationships with cognitive functioning. However, in AB estimation, for women, while formal social activities are not significantly related with cognitive functioning, meeting friends and children are positively related with cognitive functioning. For men, formal activities are positively related with cognitive functioning even after addressing the reverse causality. By specific skills of cognitive function, informal social activities are positively related with orientation, immediate recall, delayed recall, and language ability for women. For men, meeting with children is positively related with immediate recall. Our results show that the effect of social activities on cognitive function are different for men and women which implies different intervention is required for men and women. In addition, to prevent cognitive decline, participation in formal social activities as well as informal social activities are necessary.

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