Topiramate가 백서의 시상하부에서 Nitric Oxide 발현에 미치는 영향
Effects of Topiramate on Nitric Oxide Expression in the Hypothalamus of Rat Brain
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연구목적 : Topiramate는 복합적이고 다양한 약물학적 특성으로 인해 간질 발작의 치료뿐만 아니라 편두통과 신경병성 통증의 완화, 알코올 금단 증상과 양극성 장애의 치료 등 광범위한 영역에서의 적용 가능성에 대해 연구가 활발히 진행 중인 구조적으로 새로운 항경련제이다. 정신과 임상에서는 기분안정제로서의 효과는 이미 인정되고 있는 추세이며, 식욕과 체중의 감소를 유발하기 때문에 기존의 약물 사용으로 인한 체중 증가의 문제를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 약물학적 대안으로 관심이 집중되고 있다. Topiramate가 식욕과 체중의 감소를 야기한다는 사실은 여러 임상 연구를 통해 밝혀져 있으나 그 기전에 대해서는 일관된 결과가 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 topiramate와 olanzapine 등의 약물을 투여한 백서의 시상하부(hypothalamus) 부위에서, 식욕과 섭식 행동에 중요한 조절 인자로 알려져 있는 nitric oxide(NO)의 발현을 조직화학적 방법을 통해 조사하여 그 상호 관련성을 간접적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 방법 : 수컷 Spraque-Dawley 백서를 topiramate 투여군, topiramate와 olanzapine 병합 투여군, 정상 대조군 등 세 군으로 나누고 4주간 사육하였으며 이 기간 동안 먹이와 식수는 제한하지 않았다. Topiramate 투여군은 topiramate를 20mg/kg, 병합 투여군은 topiramate와 olanzapine을 각각 20mg/kg과 10mg/kg 씩, 정상 대조군은 vehicle 1cc/kg을 복강 내 주사하였다. 4주 후 백서들을 희생시켜 뇌 조직을 적출하여 40㎛ 두께의 절편을 제작하여 NOS(NO synthase) 발현의 표지자인 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase 조직화학(histochemistry) 염색법을 이용하여 시상하부 부위에서 NOS의 발현을 관찰하였다. 결과 : NADPH-diaphorase 조직화학적 소견에서, 1) Topiramate 투여군의 백서는 정상 대조군에 비해 시상하부 부위에서 NADPH- diaphorase 반응도가 현저하게 감소되어 있었다. 2) 병합 투여군의 백서도 역시 정상 대조군에 비해 시상하부 부위에서 NADPH- diaphorase 반응도가 감소되어 있었다. 결론 : 이상의 연구 결과를 통하여, topiramate는 식욕을 항진시킨다고 알려져 있는 물질인 NO의 발현을 억제하며, 이와 같은 효과는 체중 증가를 유발하는 다른 약물과 병합 투여 시에도 유효함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 topiramate가 NOS 억제제로서 작용할 수 있으며 topiramate 투여로 인한 섭식 행동과 체중의 감소에 NO가 조절 인자로서 관여함을 시사한다. 이와 더불어 정신과 임상에서 체중 증가의 부작용을 경험하였거나 과체중인 양극성 장애 환자의 치료에 있어 새로운 약물학적 접근으로 topiramate의 사용 가능성을 제안하며 향후 체계적인 후속 연구를 기대한다.
Abstract
Objectives : Topiramate is a structurally novel anti-epileptic drug with multiple mechanisms of action. In addition, topiramate is under assessment for the treatment of other neurological and affective disorders, including migraine, bipolar disorder, and binge eating disorder. In contrast with most antipsychotic or mood-stabilizing drugs, topiramate induces noticeable weight loss by an unknown mechanism. Previous reports demonstrated the possibility that nitric oxide(NO) plays in the regulation of feeding behavior. It has been reported that NO synthase inhibition can decrease food intake and result in weight loss. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of topiramate on the expression of NO in the hypothalamus of rat brain. NO expression was assessed by histochemical detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-diaphorase activity. Methods : Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were used. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups; topiramate treated group(20mg/kg), topiramate with olanzapine treated group(20mg/kg, 10mg/kg), and control group. After 4 weeks, histochemistry for NADPH-diaphorase was performed. Results : The results were as follows; 1) In the topiramate treated group, NADPH-diaphorase reactivity was significantly decreased in the hypothalamus compared with control group. 2) In the topiramate with olanzapine treated group, NADPH-diaphorase reactivity was also decreased compared with control group. Conclusion : The present study supports that topiramate may inhibit NO formation in the hypothalamus. This is in keeping with the concept of topiramate acting as NO synthase inhibitor. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the possible mechanism involved in the role of NO in the weight loss-inducing effects of topiramate.
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