토니 모리슨의 치유 과정으로서의 글쓰기: 융의 분석심리학의 관점에서
Tony Morrison's Writing as a Healing Process: From the Perspective of Jung's Analytical Psychology
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Abstract
Ki-Pyo SonThis study analyses Toni Morrison's four selected novels in terms of Jungian theories of analytical psychology. Morrison's writing can be seen as a healing process by her ego-consciousness's recognition and reconciliation of various archetypes in her unconscious. Like the process of Jung's active imagination in his time of trouble and agony caused by his breakup with Freud over the theory of the unconscious, Morrison, in her time of depression, takes a journey into her inner world by writing novels. She encounters many psychic complexes such as shadows, anima/animus, great mother, and the Self in the course of her writing. She personifies these figures, names them, and sends them to the world of consciousness by symbolizing them. This act of writing is not only her pursuit of individuation but also her healing process. With this understanding, this study, from the perspective of Jungian individuation theories, examines Morrison's four novels, The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, and Beloved. The protagonist of The Bluest Eye, Pecola, is Morrison's shadow archetype which has strong negative energy. Morrison encounters this self-hater, and overcomes her shadow by making her talk about herself. Sula in her second novel, Sula, is quite different from Pecola. The former, instead of falling a victim, is an offender against the existing White patriarchical society. She appears horrible because she represents the rage of black women who have suffered in the White-ruled society for a long time. Sula has enough spiritual power to be a goddess. Milkman, in The Song of Solomon, is Morrison's animus. Milkman's travel in search of gold in his forefathers' villages is his journey to find the Self hidden in his unconscious. Sethe, in Beloved, represents the Self of the author. Thus her four novels can be seen as closely-connected stories which describe her psychological journey into the Self.
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