한국 요고(腰鼓)의 기원에 관한 연구

Abstract

In Korean traditional music, Janggu (hour-glass shaped drum) is an important instrument. Before the appearance of Janggu, Yogo might play a similar role as Janggo. Although there are not many studies on the origin of Yogo, the theory that Yogo originated from India was presented, suggesting a connection between the Korean Yogo and the Indian Damaru. Thus, based on several relevant data, this study traced the accurate origin of Korean Yogo. First, examined were such historical documents as on nine and ten dance music pieces shown in Suseo (History of the Sui Dynasty) and Gudangseo (the Book of Tang) to examine these countries' records of Yogo and dissemination of the instrument. Also, the Yogo shown in Jinyang's Akseo (Book of Music), and records of Donggo were studied to examine the difference. Further, based on Yogo's delivery paths as shown in historical documents and Yogo-related archeological data of relevant countries, namely, Korea, Japan, Kucha and Iran were examined. The findings suggested the following information on the origin of Korean Yogo. First, Goguryeo Yogo, which are described in the nine and ten dance music pieces chapters of Suseo and Gudangseo, was used together with such instruments as Gujagi, Soreukgi and Gochanggi. As such, the instrument existed in the Silk Road routes of Western regions. Second, the Goyo, recorded in Jinyang's Akseo, is different from Donggo (銅鼓) that originates from India. Third, the Yogo, as shown in Korea's archeological data, is a piece of wood with a size of 30-45cm. It was played with both hands by being tied to the waist of the performer or by being placed on the lap of the performer. The Yogo with these features was discovered in iconographies from Kuqa, Xinjiang, and in pottery from the Sassanid Persia Empire. Thus, it is presumed that Korean Yogo was transferred to the country through many active exchanges with the Western regions, just like Gonghu, Ohyeon, Piri and other many instruments from the Western regions were.