전산 문체론으로 읽은 『어둠의 심연』: 부재하는 것의 존재감
A Computational Stylistic Study of Heart of Darkness: The Felt Presence of What Is Absent
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The significance of this article lies in discussing if a stylometric analysis can bring out to critical attention certain formal features of a text whose obvious presence traditional critics may miss out, engrossed in reading the details of the textual interior closely. Thus this article initially gauges the stylistic distances, that is, similarities and differences, among a large corpus composed of British domestic and adventure novels. Then it proceeds to testing whether or not such thematic elements as solidarity, belonging, and bonding, which traditional scholars attributed to Heart of Darkness, may be detectable in a stylometric analysis as well. Based on the lists of most frequent words and keywords, this article argues that Marlow, the first person narrator, comes across as someone deprived of both the significant Other and comforting social networks, one who finds himself in an anomie-like situation due to his failure to comprehend the alien environment, not to mention joining a meaningful, reassuring community. A quantitative analysis reveals that Marlow is not even in a situation in which he can properly receive and process audiovisual signals and data from the outer world. Given this situation, it is not surprising that the first plural pronoun “we,” the word that strongly indicates an individual’s sense of belonging, is ranked at the top three in the negative keyword list of the novella, that is to say, the list of keywords most avoided by the author. The conclusion of this paper is that if a community or solidarity makes itself a felt presence in this novella, it is due to its painful absence.
Abstract
The significance of this article lies in discussing if a stylometric analysis can bring out to critical attention certain formal features of a text whose obvious presence traditional critics may miss out, engrossed in reading the details of the textual interior closely. Thus this article initially gauges the stylistic distances, that is, similarities and differences, among a large corpus composed of British domestic and adventure novels. Then it proceeds to testing whether or not such thematic elements as solidarity, belonging, and bonding, which traditional scholars attributed to Heart of Darkness, may be detectable in a stylometric analysis as well. Based on the lists of most frequent words and keywords, this article argues that Marlow, the first person narrator, comes across as someone deprived of both the significant Other and comforting social networks, one who finds himself in an anomie-like situation due to his failure to comprehend the alien environment, not to mention joining a meaningful, reassuring community. A quantitative analysis reveals that Marlow is not even in a situation in which he can properly receive and process audiovisual signals and data from the outer world. Given this situation, it is not surprising that the first plural pronoun “we,” the word that strongly indicates an individual’s sense of belonging, is ranked at the top three in the negative keyword list of the novella, that is to say, the list of keywords most avoided by the author. The conclusion of this paper is that if a community or solidarity makes itself a felt presence in this novella, it is due to its painful absence.
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