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텍스트 마이닝(text-mining)을 활용한 COVID-19 시대의 위기 리더십 분석 및 제안: People Analytics 사례

Analysis of Before/After COVID-19 Leadership in Crisis through Text-mining: People Analytics Case Study

김성준|채충일|이중학
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2021.12|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제28권 제6호|pp. 15-34

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참고문헌

키워드

COVID-19Text Mining텍스트 마이닝Leadership회복탄력성Resilience위기 리더십People Analytics
주제분류경영학

초록

COVID-19로 인해 국내외 조직들은 전례없는 상황을 겪고 있으며 이에 대응하기 위한 리더십 연구 역시 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 COVID-19 전과 후의 리더십을 데이터로 규명하고자 했다. 이를 위해 한국 기업 조직에서 COVID-19 전과 후로 위기에 요구되는 리더십 행동 차이를 데이터 마이닝 방법을 통해서 규명했다. COVID-19가 팬데믹(Pandamic) 수준으로 선포 되기 이전에 구성원들은 리더들이 내재적/외재적 보상에 더욱 공을 들이고 수평적 조직문화를 만들어주기를 기대한 반면, COVID-19 시대에는 심리적 안전감, 잦은 소통, 미래에 대한 방향성 제시 등을 요구하고 있었다. 이와 같은 위기 상황에서 부각되는 리더십을 본 연구자들은 변혁적 리더십으로 간주하고 두 번째 연구를 설계하여 구성원들의 태도변수인 회복 탄력성과 관계를 실증했다. 회복 탄력성은 위기 상황에서 구성원들이 갖춰야 할 요소로 자주 언급된다. 변혁적 리더십이 COVID-19 시대에 도 회복 탄력성에 유의미하게 영향을 미치는지 살펴봤다. 분석 결과, 변혁적 리더십은 회복 탄력성과 정(+)의 관계를 가지고, 정서적 몰입은 변혁적 리더십과 회복 탄력성의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하였다. 본 연구는 COVID-19 이후로 요구되는 위기 리더십을 데이터로 규명했다는데 실무적으로 기여점을 가지고 있다. 더불어, 위기 상황에서 종종 강조되는 구성원 태도인 회복 탄력성과 관련성을 실증했다는 이론적인 기여점이 있다.

Abstract

Many organizations are under crisis due to the pandemic of COVID-19, and they may need to understand differ- ent leadership during the crisis. This study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, leadership required after COVID-19 was studied by topical modeling which is one of data mining techniques. In the second phase, the pri- mary purpose was to study the correlation between perceived leadership behaviors and personal performance through empirical analysis. Specifically, we analyzed the change in perceived leadership demanded by members of an organization by comparing before and after the declaration of COVID-19. Prior to the declaration, the members frequently mentioned leadership behaviors related to intrinsic and external rewards. After the declaration, on the oth- er hand, words and phrases related to psychological safety, effective communication, and clear direction to the fu- ture were frequently observed. Based on the results of the first study, we determined the transformational leadership as the kind of leadership demanded during a crisis like COVID-19, and the second study was designed to test the relationship between perceived transformational leadership and the individual resilience among the members of the organization. In addition, we hypothesized that affective commitment mediates the relationship between the two var- iables, and the mediation was tested. As a result, we observed a positive relationship between the perceived trans- formational leadership and the individual resilience, and it was evident that affective commitment partially mediates the relationship. This research contributes to reveal the leadership behaviors demanded in the crisis of COVID-19 by the data mining technique which is important in HR practices. In addition, this research has a theoretical con- tribution by investigating the leadership style demanded during the time of a crisis and by relating to the individual attitudes. finally, limitations of this research and directions of future research are discussed.

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